The Static and Dynamic Behavior of Steel Storage Tanks over Different Types of Clay Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. FE Modeling
2.1. Elements
2.2. Boundary Conditions
2.3. Materials
2.4. Procedures of the FE Analysis
2.5. Details of the Studied Tanks
3. Results of the Static Analysis
3.1. The Consolidation Settlement under the Base Plate of the Tank
3.2. The Vertical Stress within the Soil Media
4. Results of the Dynamic Analysis
4.1. The Settlement under the Tank Base Plate
4.2. The Vertical Stresses within the Soil Media
4.3. The Axial Compressive Stresses in the Tank Shells
5. Conclusions
- The settlement under static loading increases with increasing the tank diameter for all cases of different types of clay. Increasing the tank diameter from 15 m to 40 m causes a 60% increase in the total settlement for the case of medium-stiff clay. However, the increases are 44% and 40% for the cases of stiff clay and very stiff clay soils, respectively.
- The vertical static stresses just under the tank are the maximum because of the additional stress that comes from the tank and fluid weights. However, these values decrease gradually (about 18.9%, 18.5%, 16.4%, 13.8%, and 12.8% of the stress values under the tank base) whenever the soil depth under the tank goes down for all cases. These results confirm the empirical results that consider 15% of the stress can be reached at a depth of 1.5 of the footing width.
- The soil under the tanks has a noticeable effect on the dynamic behavior of the studied tanks. The tanks resting over the medium-stiff clay (the weakest soil) give a lower permanent settlement after the earthquake because of its low elastic modulus which leads to the absorption of the earthquake waves in comparison to the other types of soil.
- There are 29.6% and 35.6% increases in the peak dynamic stresses under the tanks in the cases of stiff clay and very stiff clay soils, respectively. The maximum values of the dynamic vertical stresses occur at a time around 13.02 s, which is close to the peak ground acceleration of the earthquake.
- The tanks resting over medium-stiff clay soil (weakest soil) show the minimum values of the axial compression stresses in the tank shells because of the low elastic modulus of this soil which leads to the absorption of the earthquake waves in comparison to the other types of soils. Moreover, decreasing the tank diameter from 40 m to 15 m causes significant increases in the axial compression stress by 265%, 186%, and 172% for the tanks resting over medium-stiff clay, stiff clay, and very stiff clay soils, respectively.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Medium-Stiff Clay | Stiff Clay | Very Stiff Clay | Concrete | Steel |
Poisson’s ratio, (Ʋ) | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.29 |
Unit weight, (Ƴ) kN/m3 | 17.0 | 19.0 | 20.0 | 25.0 | 78.0 |
Elastic modulus, (E), MPa | 6.0 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 2 × 104 | 2 × 105 |
Kappa (κ) | 0.017 | 0.01 | 0.0047 | - | - |
Lambda (λ) | 0.088 | 0.043 | 0.023 | - | - |
Tank Identification | Tank Diameter, D (m) | Aspect Ratio, H/D | Shell Thickness, t (mm) | Bottom Plate Thickness, ta (mm) |
1 | 40 | 0.25 | 12 | 8 |
2 | 30 | 0.33 | 10 | 8 |
3 | 25 | 0.40 | 9 | 6 |
4 | 20 | 0.50 | 8 | 6 |
5 | 15 | 0.67 | 6 | 6 |
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Salem, T.N.; El-Zohairy, A.; Abdelbaset, A.M. The Static and Dynamic Behavior of Steel Storage Tanks over Different Types of Clay Soil. CivilEng 2023, 4, 1169-1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/civileng4040064
Salem TN, El-Zohairy A, Abdelbaset AM. The Static and Dynamic Behavior of Steel Storage Tanks over Different Types of Clay Soil. CivilEng. 2023; 4(4):1169-1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/civileng4040064
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalem, Tarek N., Ayman El-Zohairy, and Ahmed M. Abdelbaset. 2023. "The Static and Dynamic Behavior of Steel Storage Tanks over Different Types of Clay Soil" CivilEng 4, no. 4: 1169-1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/civileng4040064