Best Practices in the Use of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease for Primary Care
Abstract
:1. Background and Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Cardiovascular Outcome Trials
4.2. Kidney Outcome Trials
4.3. Heart Failure Outcome Trials
Agent * | CV MACE | CV Death | Kidney Disease Progression | HF Hospitalizations | Study/Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
canagliflozin | Reduced | No effect | Reduced (Primary Outcome) | Reduced (Secondary Outcome) | [29,33] |
dapagliflozin | No effect | No effect | Reduced (Primary Outcome) | Reduced (Primary Outcome) | [30,34,37,38] |
empagliflozin | Reduced | Reduced | Reduced (Primary Outcome) | Reduced (Primary Outcome) | [28,32,39,40] |
ertugliflozin | No effect | No effect | No effect | Reduced (Secondary Outcome) | [31] |
Trial | CREDENCE (n = 4401) | DAPA-CKD (n = 4304) | EMPA-KIDNEY (n = 6609) |
---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Canagliflozin vs. Placebo | Dapagliflozin vs. Placebo | Empagliflozin vs. Placebo |
Key Inclusion Criteria |
|
|
|
Mean Participant Age (Years) | 63 | 62 | 64 |
Baseline Diagnosis of T2D (%) | 100 | 67 | 46 |
Median Follow-Up (Years) | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.0 |
Primary Composite Outcome | |||
HR (95% CI) | ESKD, doubling of SCr, or renal or CV death 0.70 (0.59–0.82) | ≥50% decline in eGFR, ESKD, or renal or CV death 0.61 (0.51–0.72) | ESKD, sustained eGFR ˂ 10 mL/min/1.73 m2, sustained ≥40% decrease in eGFR, or renal or CV death 0.72 (0.64–0.82) |
5. Guideline Recommendations for Use of SGLT-2 Inhibitors
6. SGLT-2 Inhibitors: Safety Considerations and Risk Mitigation Strategies
Primary Care Guidelines
7. Strategies and Considerations to Optimize Uptake of SGLT-2 Inhibitors
- Diabetes is the leading cause of CKD and kidney failure worldwide.
- Few people at high risk of kidney failure know that they have CKD.
- CVD is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes and CKD.
- SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce the risks of progression to kidney failure, HF, ASCVD, and death.
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Agent | Canagliflozin | Dapagliflozin | Empagliflozin | Ertugliflozin | Bexagliflozin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indication(s) |
|
|
| Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with T2D | Adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with T2D |
Recommended dosing |
| Glycemic Control in T2D
|
|
|
|
Kidney dose adjustment * |
|
|
|
|
|
Professional Group Recommendations | SGLT-2 Inhibitor Recommended: CKD | SGLT-2 Inhibitor Recommended: ASCVD | SGLT-2 Inhibitor Recommended: HF | SGLT-2 Inhibitor Recommendation Independent of Metformin |
---|---|---|---|---|
European Society of Cardiology/European Association for the Study of Diabetes Guidelines 2019 | YES * | YES | YES | YES If patients drug-naïve for glucose-lowering agents |
American Diabetes Association Standards of Care in Diabetes 2023 | YES ** | YES If GFR adequate based on drug approval label | YES If GFR adequate based on drug approval label | YES |
Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Diabetes and CKD Guideline 2022 | YES ** | YES If GFR adequate based on drug approval label | YES If GFR adequate based on drug approval label | YES |
American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Cardiorenal Protection in Diabetes and CKD 2020 | YES *** If GFR adequate based on drug approval label | YES If GFR adequate based on drug approval label | YES If GFR adequate based on drug approval label | No comment |
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Shubrook, J.H.; Neumiller, J.J.; Alicic, R.Z.; Manley, T.; Tuttle, K.R. Best Practices in the Use of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease for Primary Care. Diabetology 2023, 4, 453-464. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4040039
Shubrook JH, Neumiller JJ, Alicic RZ, Manley T, Tuttle KR. Best Practices in the Use of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease for Primary Care. Diabetology. 2023; 4(4):453-464. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4040039
Chicago/Turabian StyleShubrook, Jay H., Joshua J. Neumiller, Radica Z. Alicic, Tom Manley, and Katherine R. Tuttle. 2023. "Best Practices in the Use of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease for Primary Care" Diabetology 4, no. 4: 453-464. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4040039