Microplastics in Atlantic Ribbed Mussels (Geukensia demissa) from the Delaware Inland Bays, USA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Microplastic Pollution
1.2. Atlantic Ribbed Mussels
1.3. Delaware Inland Bays
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Study Area and Sampling Sites
2.2. Sample Collection and Preparation
2.3. Microplastic Identification
2.4. Quality Control and Quality Assurance
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Issues When Identifying and Quantifying MPs
4.2. Dominant MP Types
4.3. Comparison to Other Data Sets
4.4. Regional Differences in MP Concentrations
4.5. Potential for Trophic Transfer of MPs
4.6. Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site Number | Site Location | Coordinates | Adjacent Land Use |
---|---|---|---|
1 | NW Indian River Bay | 38.591868 and 75.215821 | Intermediate |
2 | SW Indian River Bay | 38.591367 and 75.126220 | Rural |
3 | NW Assawoman Bay | 38.485294 and 75.077185 | Rural |
4 | SW Assawoman Bay | 38.483374 and 75.089890 | Intermediate |
5 | SE Assawoman Bay | 38.483374 and 75.089890 | Urban |
6 | NE Assawoman Bay | 38.497810 and 75.056208 | Intermediate |
7 | SE Indian River Bay | 38.588284 and 75.076154 | Urban |
8 | SE Rehoboth Bay | 38.628009 and 75.070168 | Rural |
9 | NE Rehoboth Bay | 38.669167 and 75.071944 | Rural |
10 | NW Rehoboth Bay | 38.690833 and 75.136944 | Rural |
11 | SW Rehoboth Bay | 38.635278 and 75.125556 | Rural |
12 | NE Indian River Bay | 38.618056 and 75.124444 | Intermediate |
Site | MPs/150 g Wet Tissue and Shells | MPs/g Wet Tissue |
---|---|---|
1 | 56 | 0.67 |
2 | 21 | 0.25 |
3 | 55 | 0.66 |
4 | 43 | 0.52 |
5 | 170 | 2.06 |
6 | 150 | 1.81 |
7 | 107 | 1.29 |
8 | 51 | 0.62 |
9 | 19 | 0.23 |
10 | 40 | 0.48 |
11 | 37 | 0.44 |
12 | 49 | 0.51 |
Range | 21–170 | 0.25–2.06 |
Mean ± STD | 67 ± 49 | 0.80 ± 0.60 |
Site | Replicate Number | Mass Whole Mussel (g) | Length of Mussel (cm) | MPs/Individual |
---|---|---|---|---|
8 | 1 | 47.45 | 9.4 | 23 |
8 | 2 | 44.92 | 9.2 | 22 |
8 | 3 | 63.03 | 10 | 11 |
8 | 4 | 38.95 | 8.6 | 34 |
8 | 5 | 41.86 | 8.8 | 69 |
10 | 1 | 31.19 | 8.1 | 28 |
10 | 2 | 33.23 | 7.7 | 29 |
10 | 3 | 32.03 | 7.6 | 13 |
10 | 4 | 32.8 | 7.8 | 10 |
10 | 5 | 26.57 | 7 | 21 |
Mean ± STD | 26 ± 17 |
Organism/Species | Location | Reported Concentrations | Types of MPs Identified | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mussels | Cape Town Harbour and Two Oceans Aquarium, South Africa |
6.27 ± 0.59 MPs/individual 3.05 ± 1.09 MPs/g soft tissue wet weight | Black and grey filaments most prevalent | Sparks et al. [62] |
Commercial Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) | Apulia Region, Italy |
6.51 ± 4.32 MPs/individual 1.59 ± 0.95 MPs/g | Blue polyamide fragments most prevalent | Dambrosia et al. [63] |
Mussels ( Mytilus spp) | Portuguese coast | 0.54 to 3.0 MPs/g | Microfibers the most abundant shape (50%) | Marques et al. [64] |
Farmed Mussels | Tyrrhenian Sea and Adriatic Sea | 3.8 MPs/individual 0.5 MPs/g of tissue | Black MPs most prevalent | Mercogliano et al. [65] |
fCommercial Mussels (Amarilladesma mactroides and Brachidontes rodriguezii) | Argentina | 0.15 to 0.5 MPs/g wet weight | Black and blue fibers of <0.5 and 0.5–1 mm the most abundant | Truchet et al. [66] |
Oysters, Mussels | South Korean Coastline |
Oysters/Mussels 1.21 ± 0.68 MPs/individual 0.33 ± 0.23 MPs/g | Colorless fragments smaller than 300 μm most prevalent | Cho et al. [28] |
Mussels ( Geukensia demissa ) | Delaware Inland Bays, United States | 0.80 ± 0.60 MPs/g wet weight 26 ± 16 MPs/individual | 96% microfibers; black MPs most prevalent | This Study |
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Ashley, J.; Pilat, A.; Ohlweiler, A.; Ogden, C.; Bradley, O.; Modi, P.; Talbot, S.; Smith, C.; O’Pella, J.; Ozbay, G. Microplastics in Atlantic Ribbed Mussels (Geukensia demissa) from the Delaware Inland Bays, USA. Microplastics 2024, 3, 147-164. https://doi.org/10.3390/microplastics3010009
Ashley J, Pilat A, Ohlweiler A, Ogden C, Bradley O, Modi P, Talbot S, Smith C, O’Pella J, Ozbay G. Microplastics in Atlantic Ribbed Mussels (Geukensia demissa) from the Delaware Inland Bays, USA. Microplastics. 2024; 3(1):147-164. https://doi.org/10.3390/microplastics3010009
Chicago/Turabian StyleAshley, Jeffrey, Amanda Pilat, Ariana Ohlweiler, Connor Ogden, Owen Bradley, Priya Modi, Spencer Talbot, Caya Smith, Justin O’Pella, and Gulnihal Ozbay. 2024. "Microplastics in Atlantic Ribbed Mussels (Geukensia demissa) from the Delaware Inland Bays, USA" Microplastics 3, no. 1: 147-164. https://doi.org/10.3390/microplastics3010009