Exploring the Intricate Connections between the Influence of Fishing on Marine Biodiversity and Their Delivery of Ecological Services Driven by Different Management Frameworks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Building the DPSIR Model
2.3. Data Acquisition
2.4. Analysis of the DPSIR Model
3. Results
3.1. Results of the DPSIR Analysis for the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán
Trends of the Mean Values of the Indicators of Each DPSIR Dimension
3.2. Aggregated Indices Trend for the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán
3.2.1. State of the Marine Biodiversity of the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán
3.2.2. Impacts of the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán Sea
3.2.3. Responses of the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán
3.2.4. Drivers of the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán
3.2.5. Pressures of the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán
3.2.6. Correlation Analysis Results of the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán
3.3. Results of the DPSIR Analysis for Galicia and Asturias
Trends of the Mean Values of the Indicators of Each DPSIR Dimension
3.4. Aggregated Indices Trend for Galicia and Asturias
3.4.1. State of the Marine Biodiversity of Galicia and Asturias
3.4.2. Impacts of Galicia and Asturias
3.4.3. Responses of Galicia and Asturias
3.4.4. Drivers of Galicia and Asturias
3.4.5. Pressures of Galicia and Asturias
3.4.6. Correlation Analysis Results of Galicia and Asturias
4. Discussion
4.1. Discussion of the Results of the DPSIR Analysis for the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán
4.2. Discussion of the Results of the DPSIR Analysis for the Galicia and Asturias
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Natura 2000 Site Code | Marine Demarcation | Surface (ha) | Autonomous Community | Province | Marine Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ES0000506 Bahía de Almería | Strait—Alborán | 126,791.49 | Andalusia | Almería | Alborán |
ESZZ16005 Espacio marino de Alborán | Strait—Alborán | 37,276.80 | Andalusia | Almería | Alborán |
ES0000505 Espacio marino de la Isla de Alborán | Strait—Alborán | 66,154.67 | Andalusia | Almería | Alborán |
ESZZ16003 Sur de Almería—Seco de los Olivos | Strait—Alborán | 283,081.01 | Andalusia | Almería | Alborán |
ES0000504 Bahía de Málaga—Cerro Gordo | Strait—Alborán | 60,975.83 | Andalusia | Málaga | Alborán |
ES0000500 Golfo de Cádiz | South Atlantic | 231,316.84 | Andalusia | Cádiz/Huelva | Gulf of Cádiz |
ESZZ12002 Volcanes de fango del Golfo de Cádiz | South Atlantic | 317,761.11 | Andalusia | Cádiz/Huelva | Gulf of Cádiz |
ES0000501 Espacio marino del Tinto y del Odiel | South Atlantic | 4934.07 | Andalusia | Huelva | Gulf of Cádiz |
ESZZ12001 Banco de Galicia | North Atlantic | 1,022,788.2 | Galicia | A Coruña | Galicia |
ES0000498 ZEPA Banco de Galicia | North Atlantic | 872,270 | Galicia | A Coruña | Galicia |
ES0000497 Espacio marino de la Costa da Morte | North Atlantic | 316,516.57 | Galicia | A Coruña | Galicia |
ES0000496 Espacio marino de la Costa de Ferrolterra-Valdoviño | North Atlantic | 6822.31 | Galicia | A Coruña | Galicia |
ES0000499 Espacio marino de las Rías Baixas de Galicia | North Atlantic | 222,020.30 | Galicia | A Coruña | Galicia |
ES0000495 Espacio marino de Punta de Candelaria-Ría de Ortigueira-Estaca de Bares | North Atlantic | 77,203.19 | Galicia | A Coruña/Lugo | Galicia |
ESZZ12003 Sistema de cañones submarinos de Avilés | North Atlantic | 338,770.59 | Asturias | Asturias | Asturias |
ES0000494 Espacio marino de Cabo Peñas | North Atlantic | 32,045.79 | Asturias | Asturias | Asturias |
DPSIR Indicators Block | Drivers (Average) | Pressures (Average) | State (Average) | Impacts (Average) | Responses (Average) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gulf of Cádiz | |||||
Drivers (average) | - | ||||
Pressures (average) | 0.201 | - | |||
State (average) | −0.726 | 0.042 | - | ||
Impacts (average) | −0.023 | −0.376 | 0.257 | - | |
Responses (average) | 0.761 | −0.040 | −0.927 | −0.053 | - |
Alborán Sea | - | ||||
Drivers (average) | |||||
Pressures (average) | 0.228 | - | |||
State (average) | −0.638 | 0.059 | - | ||
Impacts (average) | −0.444 | 0.233 | 0.692 | - | |
Responses (average) | 0.558 | 0.198 | −0.873 | −0.765 | - |
DPSIR Dimension | Slope Gulf of Cádiz | Trend Gulf of Cádiz | Slope Alborán Sea | Trend Alborán Sea |
---|---|---|---|---|
DRIVERS | 0.054 | ↑ | 0.034 | ↔ |
PRESSURES | 0.004 | ↔ | 0.006 | ↔ |
STATE | −0.082 | ↓↓ | −0.075 | ↓ |
IMPACTS | −0.006 | ↔ | −0.026 | ↔ |
RESPONSES | 0.069 | ↑ | 0.076 | ↑ |
DPSIR Dimension | Type | Trend in Gulf of Cádiz | Trend in Alborán Sea |
---|---|---|---|
DRIVERS | Demographic | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
Economical | ↔ | ↔ | |
Cultural | ↔ | ↔ | |
PRESSURES | Overexploitation | ↓↓ | ↓↓ |
Land use change | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | |
STATE | Exploited biodiversity | ↓↓ | ↓ |
Jeopardized biodiversity | ↓↓ | ↓ | |
IMPACTS | Provisioning ES | ↓ | ↓↓ |
Cultural ES | ↔ | ↔ | |
Regulating ES | ↓↓ | ↔ | |
RESPONSES | Biodiversity management (action and management plans) | ↑ | ↑ |
Biodiversity conservation (development of marine protected areas) | ↑↑ | ↑ |
DPSIR Indicators Block | Drivers (Average) | Pressures (Average) | State (Average) | Impacts (Average) | Responses (Average) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Galicia | |||||
Drivers (average) | - | ||||
Pressures (average) | −0.715 | ||||
State (average) | −0.587 | 0.633 | |||
Impacts (average) | −0.264 | 0.320 | −0.338 | ||
Responses (average) | 0.659 | −0.692 | −0.955 | 0.257 | - |
Asturias | |||||
Drivers (average) | - | ||||
Pressures (average) | −0.815 | ||||
State (average) | −0.398 | 0.641 | |||
Impacts (average) | −0.320 | 0.111 | −0.480 | ||
Responses (average) | 0.268 | −0.543 | −0.958 | 0.640 | - |
DPSIR Dimension | Slope Galicia | Trend Galicia | Slope Asturias | Trend Asturias |
---|---|---|---|---|
DRIVERS | 0.025 | ↔ | 0.009 | ↔ |
PRESSURES | −0.080 | ↓ | 0.048 | ↓↓ |
STATE | −0.042 | ↓ | −0.032 | ↔ |
IMPACTS | 0.026 | ↔ | 0.034 | ↔ |
RESPONSES | 0.05 | ↑ | −0.086 | ↑ |
DPSIR Dimension | Type | Trend in Galicia | Trend in Asturias |
---|---|---|---|
DRIVERS | Demographic | ↔ | ↑↑ |
Economical | ↑↑ | ↑ | |
Cultural | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | |
PRESSURES | Overexploitation | ↓↓ | ↓↓ |
Land use change | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | |
STATE | Exploited biodiversity | ↓↓ | ↓↓ |
Jeopardized biodiversity | ↓ | ↔ | |
IMPACTS | Provisioning ES | ↔ | ↔ |
Cultural ES | ↔ | ↔ | |
Regulating ES | ↔ | ↔ | |
RESPONSES | Biodiversity management (action and management plans) | ↑ | ↔ |
Biodiversity conservation (development of marine protected areas) | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
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Alcorlo, P.; García-Tiscar, S.; Vidal-Abarca, M.R.; Suárez-Alonso, M.L.; Checa, L.; Díaz, I. Exploring the Intricate Connections between the Influence of Fishing on Marine Biodiversity and Their Delivery of Ecological Services Driven by Different Management Frameworks. Coasts 2024, 4, 168-197. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts4010010
Alcorlo P, García-Tiscar S, Vidal-Abarca MR, Suárez-Alonso ML, Checa L, Díaz I. Exploring the Intricate Connections between the Influence of Fishing on Marine Biodiversity and Their Delivery of Ecological Services Driven by Different Management Frameworks. Coasts. 2024; 4(1):168-197. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts4010010
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlcorlo, Paloma, Susana García-Tiscar, María Rosario Vidal-Abarca, María Luisa Suárez-Alonso, Lucía Checa, and Iratxe Díaz. 2024. "Exploring the Intricate Connections between the Influence of Fishing on Marine Biodiversity and Their Delivery of Ecological Services Driven by Different Management Frameworks" Coasts 4, no. 1: 168-197. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts4010010