The Enhanced Activity of a Plant Mixture from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome against Venereal Trichomonads Confirms the Traditional Use
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Extracts
2.2. Screening of Anti-Trichomonads Activity and Determination of IC50 Values
2.3. Effect of Plant Extracts on Trichomonads Kinetics Growth Assays
2.4. Cytotoxicity Assay by MTT Assay
2.5. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Plants X. americana, M. urundeuva, S. brasiliensis, C. leptophloeos, and H. courbaril Aqueous Extracts Were Active against T. vaginalis and T. foetus
3.2. Cedrela sp. Extract Was the Most Active against T. vaginalis and T. foetus
3.3. Active Plant Extracts Showed Low Selectivity
3.4. The Mixture of Plants Was Effective against Both Trichomonads Species
3.5. Qualitative Phytochemical Screening
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant Scientific Name and Family | Plant Popular Name | Voucher | Popular Use (Reference) | IC50 (mg/mL) T. vaginalis | IC50 (mg/mL) T. foetus | CC50 (mg/mL) HMVII | SI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cedrela sp. P. Browne— Meliaceae | Cedar | IPA 95.539 | Bark infusion used against cold and flu (PC). Used to treat liver diseases, diarrhea, fever, chronic infantile dysentery, intestinal helminths, and inflammation [12] | 0.68 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 1.10 a; 1.01 b |
Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett— Burseraceae | Imburana or Imburana-de-cambão * | IPA 95.547 | Bark infusion used against cold and flu and for wound washing (PC). Used to treat inflammation and infections [13] | N.D. | 0.77 | 0.61 | 0.80 |
Hymenaea courbaril L.— Fabaceae | Jatobá * | IPA 95.536 | Bark infusion used against cold and flu (PC). Used to treat diarrhea, cystitis, prostatitis, malaria, and leishmaniasis [14] | N.D. | 0.71 | 1.01 | 1.25 |
Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemao— Anacardiaceae | Aroeira * | IPA 95.511 | Bark infusion used against cold and flu and for wound washing (PC). Used to treat vaginal infections [5] | N.D. | 0.84 | 0.72 | 0.86 |
Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.— Anacardiaceae | Brauna or Barauna * | IPA 95.542 | Bark infusion used for digestive problems (PC). Used to treat inflammation, diarrhea, and as an antiseptic [15] | N.D. | 0.87 | 0.79 | 0.91 |
Ximenia americana var. microphylla Welw.— Olacaceae | Ameixa recanto * | IPA 95.524 | Bark infusion used for inflammation and wound washing (PC) [16] | N.D. | 0.83 | 0.50 | 0.61 |
Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. and Schult.)— Sapotaceae | Quixabeira * | IPA 95.523 | Bark infusion used for inflammation and wound washing (PC). Used for wounds, pain, chronic inflammation, genital problems, ovarian, colon, and kidney problems, heart disease, diabetes, fever, and as an expectorant (PC) | Used in the mixture | |||
Amburana cearensis (Allemao) A.C.Sm.— Fabaceae | Umburana * | IPA 95.537 | Bark infusion used against cold and flu (PC). Used to treat inflammatory diseases [17] | Used in the mixture | |||
Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil— Fabaceae | Angico | IPA 95.503 | Bark infusion used against cold and flu (PC). Used for inflammation, diarrhea, cough, bronchitis, influenza, and toothache [18] | Used in the mixture |
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Silva, N.L.F.; Vieira, P.d.B.; Silva, M.V.d.; Macedo, A.J.; Tasca, T. The Enhanced Activity of a Plant Mixture from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome against Venereal Trichomonads Confirms the Traditional Use. Venereology 2024, 3, 15-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology3010002
Silva NLF, Vieira PdB, Silva MVd, Macedo AJ, Tasca T. The Enhanced Activity of a Plant Mixture from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome against Venereal Trichomonads Confirms the Traditional Use. Venereology. 2024; 3(1):15-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology3010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva, Nícolas Luiz Feijó, Patrícia de Brum Vieira, Márcia Vanusa da Silva, Alexandre José Macedo, and Tiana Tasca. 2024. "The Enhanced Activity of a Plant Mixture from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome against Venereal Trichomonads Confirms the Traditional Use" Venereology 3, no. 1: 15-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology3010002