Basis for a One Health Approach—Inventory of Routine Data Collections on Zoonotic Diseases in Lower Saxony, Germany
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Concept of the Study and Collaborating Partners
2.2. Identification and Selection of Data Collections and Pathogens
2.3. Collection of Metadata on Data Collections and Pathogens
3. Results
3.1. Metadata of Data Collections
3.2. Metadata of Pathogens
4. Discussion
4.1. Strategies for a One Health MOSS and Inventory of the Existing Routine Data Collections
4.2. International One Health MOSS
4.3. Considerations for Cross-Sector One Health Data Curation
- Data-related
- Data structure and level of aggregation: i.e., the level of spatial and temporal aggregation has to be harmonised;
- Nomenclature and formats: i.e., catalogues and definitions have to be harmonised with easy to follow rules;
- Completeness and data quality: i.e., according to the use cases addressed, variables under study have to be selected, the number of missing values has to be calculated and data quality rules have to be addressed;
- Level of differentiation of pathogens: i.e., the available/needed level, e.g., genus, species, subspecies, genes, needs to be considered/harmonised.
- Content-related
- Purpose of data collection: e.g., to improve knowledge and monitoring purposes, food safety;
- Type of data collection sampling: e.g., monitoring, surveillance, active or passive systems.
- Data privacy-related
- Re-Identification: i.e., individual plants or people must not be identifiable. Therefore, access to the highest possible spatial resolution may be denied.
- Purpose of data use: i.e., for legal data protection assessments, the purpose of data use must be precisely defined.
- Technical-related
- Implementation of data exchange: e.g., via individual exports, data-interfaces or a data warehouse. Most data collections are stand-alone solutions, which were developed for a specific purpose and have grown historically. This makes it difficult to use these systems for other purposes.
- Development of analysis procedures: e.g., control charts/Shewart charts, time series analysis and expected values derived therefrom.
- Personal-related
- Experts for the original data: i.e., due to the variety of data and types of documentation, experts in each data collection are needed to explain and interpret the data.
- Statistical-, data management-, and IT-experts: i.e., to develop analysis procedures and to implement data transfer and management.
- Personal contacts between the sectors and other stakeholders: i.e., intersectoral exchange is essential to build a One Heath MOSS, e.g., via regular meetings or joint workshops.
5. Conclusions and Outlook
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Connect OHD: | Connect One Health Data |
LAVES: | Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Germany (Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit) |
LIMS: | Laboratory information management system |
MOSS: | Monitoring and surveillance system |
NLGA: | Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony, Germany (Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt) |
REDCap: | Research Electronic Data Capture |
TiHo: | University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover) |
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Data Collection | Population of Interest | Competent Authority | Number of Zoonotic Pathogens Recorded |
---|---|---|---|
Human | |||
Causes of death | Human | Federal Statistical Office of Germany | 36 |
Causes of death, Lower Saxony | Human | State Office for Statistics of Lower Saxony | 4 |
Haemovigilance blood donations (Hämovigilanz Blutspenden) | Human | Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI) | 0 |
Hospital diagnoses—Full inpatients discharged from hospital (Krankenhausdiagnosen—Aus dem Krankenhaus entlassene vollstationäre Patientinnen und Patienten) | Human | Federal Statistical Office of Germany | 31 |
Hospital diagnoses—Quality reports of the hospitals (Krankenhausdiagnosen—Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser) | Human | Federal Joint Committee | 0 |
Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-System—Surveillance of nosocomial infections in intensive care units (Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-System (KISS)—Surveillance nosokomialer Infektionen auf Intensivstationen (ITS-KISS Infektionen) | Human | National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (NRZ) | 3 |
Meningitis and Encephalitis Register in Lower Saxony (Meningitis- u. Enzephalitis Register in Niedersachsen (MERIN)) | Human | Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony (NLGA) | 2 |
Surveillance for influenza and other acute respiratory illnesses in Lower Saxony—Module virological surveillance (Surveillance für Influenza und andere akute respiratorische Erkrankungen (ARE) in Niedersachsen—Modul virologische Surveillance (ARE-Labor)) | Human | Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony (NLGA) | 3 |
Surveillance for influenza and other acute respiratory illnesses in Lower Saxony—Module sickness rate (Surveillance für Influenza und andere akute respiratorische Erkrankungen (ARE) in Niedersachsen—Modul Krankenstand (ARE-Krankenstand)) | Human | Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony (NLGA) | Not pathogen-based |
Surveillance of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in hospitals (Surveillance von Clostridium difficile assoziierter Diarrhoe in Krankenhäusern (CDAD-KISS) | Human | National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (NRZ) | 1 |
Surveillance of device-associated nosocomial infections in normal care units/non-intensive care units (Surveillance Device-assoziierter nosokomialer Infektionen auf Normalpflegestationen/Nicht-Intensivstationen (Stations-KISS Infektionen)) | Human | National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (NRZ) | 1 |
Surveillance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Hospitals (Surveillance von Methicillin-Resistentem Staphylococcus aureus in Krankenhäusern (MRSA-KISS)) | Human | National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (NRZ) | 1 |
Surveillance of patients with multidrug-resistant pathogens and/or Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in intensive care units and normal care units (Surveillance von Patienten mit multiresistenten Erregern (MRE) und/oder Clostridium difficile assoziierter Diarrhö (CDAD) auf Intensivstationen und Normalpflegestationen (KISS Erreger ITS u.a. Stationen)) | Human | National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (NRZ) | 2 |
SurvNet@RKI | Human | Robert Koch Institute (RKI) | 65 |
Animal | |||
“Import Screening for the Anticipating of Food Risks”-Tool (ISAR-Tool) | Animal, food or feed | Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL) | Not pathogen-based |
Animal Disease Reporting System— Public part of the Animal Disease Information System (Tierseuchennachrichtensystem (TSN)-TierSeuchenInformationsSystem (TSIS)) | Animal | Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI) | 0 (see TSN-online) |
Animal Disease Reporting System— Crisis module (Tierseuchennachrichtensystem (TSN)–Krisenfallverwaltungsprogramm) | Animal | Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI) | 0 (see TSN-online) |
Animal Disease Reporting System—Central animal disease database (Tierseuchennachrichtensystem (TSN)-Zentrale Tierseuchendatenbank (TSN-Online)) | Animal | Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI) | 26 |
Approval control data for food establishments (Zulassungskontrolldaten für Lebensmittelbetriebe) | Food or feed | Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES) | Not pathogen-based |
BALVI iP | Animal, food or feed, environment or water | BALVI GmbH various authorities | Not pathogen-based |
BALVI iP—Animal feed safety | Feed | Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES) | Not pathogen-based |
Federal surveillance plan (Bundesweiter Überwachungsplan (BÜP)) | Food | Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) | Not pathogen-based |
Laboratory information management system (LIMS) of the Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES) | Animal, food or feed, environment or water | Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES) | 31 |
Monitoring according §§ 50–52 German Food and Feed Code | Food | National: Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Lower Saxony: Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES) | Not pathogen-based |
Monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents (Zoonosen-Monitoring (ZooMo)) | Animal, food or feed | National: Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Lower Saxony: Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES) | 0 (see LIMS LAVES) |
National Residue Control Plan (Nationaler Rückstandskontrollplan, NRKP) | Animal, food or feed | Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Lower Saxony: Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES) | Not pathogen-based |
Nationwide system for collecting data on food involved in foodborne outbreaks (Bundesweites System zur Erfassung von Daten zu Lebensmitteln, die an lebensmittelbedingten Krankheitsausbrüchen beteiligt sind (BELA)) | Other | Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) | 7 |
Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) | Food or feed, other | European commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (GD SANTE) | 15 |
Salmonella control programme (Salmonellen-Bekämpfungsprogramm) | Animal | German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) | 1 |
Organizational tool for sampling (Probenbörse) | Other | Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES) | Not pathogen-based |
Trade Control and Expert System New Technology (TRACES NT) | Animal, food or feed | European Commission-DG Health and Food Safety | Not pathogen-based |
Whistleblower system/Anonymous reporting system (Anonyme Meldestelle) | Overarching | Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES) | Not pathogen-based |
Zoonoses Trend Reports (Zoonosen-Trendbericht) | Overarching | National: Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) | 0 (see LIMS LAVES) |
Environment | |||
Bathing Water Report of Lower Saxony for the European Union (EU-Badegewässer-Berichterstattung für Niedersachsen (BBE)) | Environment or water | Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony (NLGA) | 2 |
Climate Data Center (CDC) | Environment | Deutscher Wetterdienst | Not pathogen-centred |
Drinking Water Database of Lower Saxony (Niedersächsische Trinkwasserdatenbank (NiWaDaB)) | Environment, other | Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony (NLGA) | 5 |
Others | |||
LSN-Online-Database | Humans, Animal, environment | Statistical Office of Lower Saxony | Not pathogen-centred |
Data Collection | Population and, if Applicable, Matrix of Interest | Average Findings per Year * | Publication of Data | Access to Original Data | Source Data Type | Export Data Type | Editing of the Original Data | Updating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Campylobacter spp. | ||||||||
Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) | Food | 2 | Yes | Reading and/or export publicly | Database | Excel, CSV | Re-selection and reduction | Daily |
Nationwide system for collecting data on food involved in foodborne outbreaks (BELA) | Food | 20 | Yes | Access denied | No | Annually | ||
Animal Disease Reporting System (TSN) | Animal | 30 | Yes | Access denied | Database | Excel, CSV, KMZ/KML | Re-selection and reduction | Daily |
Laboratory information management system LAVES | Animal, food or feed, environment or water: divers matrices | 460 | No | Access denied | Database | Excel, CSV, XML | Anonymisation, re-selection and reduction | Daily |
SurvNet@RKI | Human: blood/serum, tissue sample, other | 6000 | Yes | Reading and/or export on request | Database | CSV | Anonymisation | Daily |
Causes of death | Human | 5 | Yes | Reading and/or export publicly | Database | Excel, PDF | Anonymisation, aggregation of detailed data into larger units | Annually |
Listeria spp. | ||||||||
Hospital diagnoses—full inpatients discharged from hospital | Human | 30 | Yes | Reading and/or export publicly | Database | Excel, CSV, XML, FLAT | Anonymisation, aggregation of detailed data into larger units, re-selection and reduction | Annually |
Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed | Food | 30 | Yes | Reading and/or export publicly | Database | Excel, CSV, | Re-selection and reduction | Daily |
Animal Disease Reporting System (TSN) | Animals | 5 | Yes | Access denied | Database | Excel, CSV, KMZ/KML | Re-selection and reduction | Daily |
Laboratory information management system LAVES | Population and matrix both divers | 250 | No | Access denied | Database | Excel, CSV, XML | Anonymisation, re-selection and reduction | Daily |
SurvNet@RKI | Human: blood/ serum, tissue sample, Other | 60 | Yes | Reading and/or export on request | Database | CSV | No | Daily |
Causes of death | Human | 20 | Yes | Reading and/or export publicly | Database | Excel, PFD | Anonymisation, aggregation of detailed data into larger units | Annually |
Francisella tularensis | ||||||||
Laboratory information management system LAVES | Population and matrix both divers | 50 | No | Access denied | Database | Excel, CSV, XML | Anonymisation, re-selection and reduction | Daily |
SurvNet@RKI | Human: blood/ serum, tissue sample, other | 2 | Yes | Reading and/or export on request | Database | CSV | No | Daily |
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Share and Cite
Schnepf, A.; Hille, K.; van Mark, G.; Winkelmann, T.; Remm, K.; Kunze, K.; Velleuer, R.; Kreienbrock, L. Basis for a One Health Approach—Inventory of Routine Data Collections on Zoonotic Diseases in Lower Saxony, Germany. Zoonotic Dis. 2024, 4, 57-73. https://doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis4010007
Schnepf A, Hille K, van Mark G, Winkelmann T, Remm K, Kunze K, Velleuer R, Kreienbrock L. Basis for a One Health Approach—Inventory of Routine Data Collections on Zoonotic Diseases in Lower Saxony, Germany. Zoonotic Diseases. 2024; 4(1):57-73. https://doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis4010007
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchnepf, Anne, Katja Hille, Gesine van Mark, Tristan Winkelmann, Karen Remm, Katrin Kunze, Reinhard Velleuer, and Lothar Kreienbrock. 2024. "Basis for a One Health Approach—Inventory of Routine Data Collections on Zoonotic Diseases in Lower Saxony, Germany" Zoonotic Diseases 4, no. 1: 57-73. https://doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis4010007