A Pilot Study to Investigate the Antimicrobial Activity of Pulsed UVA and UVC
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Safety Consideration
2.2. Materials
2.3. Antibacterial Assessment of UVA and UVC Exposure
2.3.1. Microorganisms and Culture Methods
2.3.2. Protocol I
2.3.3. Protocol II
2.3.4. ATP Measurement
2.4. Antiviral Assessment of UVA and UVC Exposure
2.4.1. Infecting with HCoV-229E
2.4.2. Protocol 1
2.4.3. Protocol 2
2.4.4. Protocol 2a
2.4.5. Detection of Viral Infectivity
2.4.6. Analysis of Viral Infectivity by Using the TCID50 Assay
2.4.7. Modelling for Cross-Contamination Risks
3. Results
3.1. Effect of UVA and UVC Light on Bacteria
3.1.1. Protocol I
3.1.2. Protocol II
Distance Measurements
Iteration Measurements
3.1.3. Response Modelling for Cross-Contamination Risks
3.2. Effect of UVA and UVC Exposure on Human Coronavirus
3.2.1. Investigation of Reduction in Viral Infectivity
3.2.2. Effect of Protocol 1 on HCoV-229E
3.2.3. Effect of Protocol 2a on HCoV-229E
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain | Setting for UVA | Setting for UVC | Time (h) | ATP (RLU) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dark | UV Light | Natural Light | ||||
B. subtilis | 65 mW | 65 mW | 12 | 2431 | 0 | 3893 |
117 mW | 117 mW | 12 | 7580 | 4 | 7937 | |
42 mW | 65 mW | 12 | 95 | 5 | 1062 | |
E. coli K12 | 117 mW | 117 mW | 12 | 7004 | 0 | 6031 |
65 mW | 65 mW | 12 | 5389 | 0 | 7496 | |
S. epidermidis | 117 mW | 117 mW | 12 | 7701 | 0 | 8811 |
65 mW | 65 mW | 12 | 8272 | 0 | 8899 | |
42 mW | 65 mW | 12 | 8297 | 0 | 3561 |
Strain | Conditions | Reduction in CFU |
---|---|---|
E. coli K12 | Natural light | 32 ± 3% |
Dark | 35 ± 8% | |
S. epidermidis | Natural light | 34 ± 5% |
Dark | 36 ± 2% |
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Hunter, E.; Percival, B.; Eberl, D.T.; White, S.J. A Pilot Study to Investigate the Antimicrobial Activity of Pulsed UVA and UVC. Aerobiology 2023, 1, 82-97. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology1020007
Hunter E, Percival B, Eberl DT, White SJ. A Pilot Study to Investigate the Antimicrobial Activity of Pulsed UVA and UVC. Aerobiology. 2023; 1(2):82-97. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology1020007
Chicago/Turabian StyleHunter, Elena, Benita Percival, Daniela T. Eberl, and Samuel J. White. 2023. "A Pilot Study to Investigate the Antimicrobial Activity of Pulsed UVA and UVC" Aerobiology 1, no. 2: 82-97. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology1020007