Effects of Chronic Thermal Stress on Performance, Energy Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, Brain Serotonin, and Blood Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Birds and Management
2.2. Blood Sampling and Biochemical Analyses
2.3. Determination of Brain Serotonin
2.4. Determination of Antioxidant Activity in Heart Tissues
2.5. Determination of CoQ10 and Energy Biomarkers in Liver Tissues
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients | Starter Period (1–21 d, g kg−1) | Grower–Finisher Period (22–42 d, g kg−1) |
---|---|---|
Yellow maize | 605.0 | 650.0 |
Soybean meal (48%) | 308.0 | 250.0 |
Corn gluten (60%) | 40.0 | 35.0 |
Maize oil | - | 18.0 |
Di-calcium phosphate | 23.0 | 23.0 |
Limestone | 14.0 | 14.0 |
DL-methionine | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Lysine | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Vitamin and trace mineral mix | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Salt (NaCl) | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Coccidostate | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Calculated analysis | ||
1 ME (KJ/kg) | 12342 | 12949 |
Crude protein | 224.0 | 197.5 |
Calcium | 10.5 | 10.5 |
Available phosphorus | 4.5 | 4.5 |
Lysine | 11.8 | 11.4 |
Methionine | 4.8 | 4.5 |
Parameter | Experimental Groups | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
TN 1 | TS 2 | SEM 3 | p-Value | |
Total protein (g/dL) | 6.63 | 5.86 | 0.14 | 0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.38 | 4.07 | 0.07 | 0.025 |
Globulin (g/dL) | 2.25 | 1.79 | 0.11 | 0.032 |
Albumin/Globulin ratio | 2.01 | 2.32 | 0.13 | 0.239 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 79.33 | 84.95 | 1.37 | 0.033 |
4 ALT (U/L) | 54.96 | 60.60 | 1.31 | 0.024 |
5 AST (U/L) | 44.40 | 53.35 | 1.91 | 0.010 |
K+ (mmol/L) | 4.04 | 3.94 | 0.08 | 0.603 |
Na+ (mmol/L) | 133.4 | 113.9 | 3.69 | 0.002 |
Parameter | Experimental Groups | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
TN 1 | TS 2 | SEM 3 | p-Value | |
4 SOD (U/g, heart) | 43.20 | 35.21 | 1.60 | 0.005 |
5 Catalase (U/g, heart) | 12.78 | 9.22 | 0.57 | 0.001 |
5 TAC (U/L, serum) | 1.51 | 1.38 | 0.03 | 0.021 |
Parameter | Experimental Groups | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
TN 1 | TS 2 | SEM 3 | p-Value | |
4 ATP (μg/g) | 36.86 | 30.15 | 1.34 | 0.005 |
5 ADP (μg/g) | 22.63 | 26.11 | 0.68 | 0.004 |
6 AMP (μg/g) | 9.37 | 10.38 | 0.25 | 0.029 |
Na,K-ATPase (μmol/g) | 469.9 | 515.2 | 13.5 | 0.115 |
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Ahmed-Farid, O.A.; Salah, A.S.; Nassan, M.A.; El-Tarabany, M.S. Effects of Chronic Thermal Stress on Performance, Energy Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, Brain Serotonin, and Blood Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens. Animals 2021, 11, 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092554
Ahmed-Farid OA, Salah AS, Nassan MA, El-Tarabany MS. Effects of Chronic Thermal Stress on Performance, Energy Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, Brain Serotonin, and Blood Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens. Animals. 2021; 11(9):2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092554
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed-Farid, Omar A., Ayman S. Salah, Mohamed Abdo Nassan, and Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany. 2021. "Effects of Chronic Thermal Stress on Performance, Energy Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, Brain Serotonin, and Blood Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens" Animals 11, no. 9: 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092554