Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Alkaloids: An Update from 2000 to 2010
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
Substance and (Source) | Assay | Organism tested | Dose | Activity | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vivo, 5-HT-Induced pedal edema | Mouse | 200 mg/Kg | Inactive | [58] |
In vivo, 5-HT-Induced pedal edema | Mouse | 200 mg/Kg | Active | [58] | |
| In vivo, inhibitory activity on superoxide generation by human neutrophils | Human | IC50 ≤ 5.34 µg/mL | Active | [67] |
In vivo, inhibitory activity on elastase release by human neutrophils | Human | IC50 ≤ 5.53 µg/mL | Active | [67] | |
| In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Rat | 1 mg/Kg | Active | [68] |
| In vivo, inhibitory activity on superoxide generation by human neutrophils | Human | IC50 ≤ 5.34 µg/mL | Active | [67] |
| In vivo, 5-HT-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 200 mg/Kg | Active | [58] |
In vivo, 5-HT-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 100 mg/Kg | Active | [58] | |
In vivo, TNB-induced colitis | Rat | 15 mg/Kg | Active | [69] | |
| In vivo, LPS-induced hepatoxicity | Mouse | 100 mg/Kg | Inactive | [70] |
In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 2 mg/Kg | Active | [70] | |
In vivo, LPS-induced hepatoxicity | Mouse | 209 mg/Kg | Active | [70] | |
In vivo, 5-HT induced-pedal edema | Mouse | 200 mg/Kg | Active | [58] | |
In vivo, Carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Rat | 5 mg/Kg | Active | [55] | |
In vivo, acute inflammation induced by E. coli LPS | Chicken | 15 mg/Kg | Active | [71] | |
| In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Rat | 15 mg/Kg | Active | [60] |
| In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Rat | 100 mg/Kg | Active | [60] |
| In vivo, capsaicin-induced ear edema | Mouse | 100 µmol/Kg | Active | [61] |
| In humans, oral | Human adult | 0.5 mg/person | Active | [72] |
| In vivo, External, 5-HT-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 200 mg/Kg | Inactive | [58] |
In vivo, Intragastric, 5-HT-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 200 mg/Kg | Inactive | [58] | |
| In vivo, inhibitory activity on superoxide generation by human neutrophils | Human | IC50 ≤ 5.34 µg/mL | Active | [67] |
In vivo, inhibitory activity on elastase release by human neutrophils | Human | IC50 ≤ 5.53 µg/mL | Active | [67] | |
| In vivo, carrageenan-induced paw edema | Rat | 10 mg/Kg | Active | [73] |
| In vivo, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema | Rat | 20 mg/Kg | Active | [74] |
| In vivo, croton oil-induced edema | Mouse | 20 mg/Kg | Active | [75] |
In vivo, croton oil-induced edema | Mouse | 0.1 mg/Kg | Active | [75] | |
In vitro, fMLP-induced neutrophil adhesion and transmigration | Human | 10 µg/mL | Active | [76] | |
| In vivo, croton oil-induced ear edema | Mouse | 4.2 ± 0.5 mg/Kg | Active | [77] |
| In vivo, croton oil-induced ear edema | Mouse | 3.7 ± 0.8 mg/Kg | Active | [77] |
| In vitro, inhibitory activity on superoxide anion generation | Human | IC50 < 5.5 5.43±1.52µg/mL | Active | [78] |
In vitro, inhibitory activity on elastase release by human neutrophils | Human | IC50 < 5.5 3.25 ± 0.31 µg/mL | Active | [78] | |
| In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 1 mg/Kg | Active | [79] |
| In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 1 mg/Kg | Active | [79] |
| * | * | * | Inactive | [80] |
| In vitro, macrophages | Human adult | 400 mg/L | Active | [81] |
In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Rat | 50 mg/Kg | Active | [82] | |
In vivo, Cotton pellet granuloma | Mouse | 50 mg/Kg | Active | [82] | |
| In vivo, 5-HT-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 200 mg/Kg | Inactive | [58] |
In vivo, 5-HT-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 200 mg/Kg | Inactive | [58] | |
| * | * | * | Inactive | [80] |
| * | * | * | Inactive | [80] |
| In vitro, inhibitory activity of COX-1 | Rat | 31.3 µM | Active | [59] |
In vitro, inhibitory activity of COX-2 | Rat | 188.5 µM | Moderate activity | [59] | |
| In vitro, inhibitory activity of COX-1 | Rat | 197.8 µM | Moderate activity | [59] |
In vitro, inhibitory activity of COX-2 | Rat | 385.1 µM | Weak activity | [59] | |
| In vivo, collagen II -induced arthritis | Mouse | 10 mg/Kg | Active | [83] |
| In vivo, 5-HT-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 200 mg/Kg | Inactive | [58] |
In vivo, 5-HT-induced pedal edema | Mouse | 100 mg/Kg | Active | [58] | |
| In vitro, inhibitory activity on NO production | Rat | 40 µg/mL | Active | [84] |
In vitro, inhibitory activity on PGE2 production | Rat | 40 µg/mL | Active | [84] | |
| In vitro, inhibitory activity on COX-1 | * | 100 µM | Inactive | [85] |
In vitro, inhibitory activity on COX-2 | * | 100 µM | Weak activity | [85] | |
In vitro, inhibitory activity on 5-LOX | * | 100 µM | Active | [85] | |
In vivo, carrageenan-induced air pouch formation | Mouse | 10 mg/Kg | Active | [85] | |
In vivo, xylene-induced ear edema | Mouse | 10 mg/Kg | Active | [85] | |
| In vivo, intragastric | Rat | 20 mg/Kg | Active | [86] |
| In humans, oral | Human adult | 200 mg/day | Inactive | [87] |
| In vivo, formalin test | Mice | 25 mg/Kg | Active | [88] |
In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Mice | 25 mg/Kg | Active | [65] | |
| In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Rat | 25 mg/Kg | Active | [66] |
| In vitro, inhibitory activity on COX-1 | Mice | 100 µM | Active | [85] |
In vitro, inhibitory activity on COX-2 | Mice | 100 µM | Active | [85] | |
In vitro, inhibitory activity on 5-LOX | Mice | 100 µM | Active | [85] | |
In vivo, carrageenan-induced air pouch formation | Mouse | 5 mg/Kg | Active | [85] | |
In vivo, xylene-induced ear edema | Mouse | 5 mg/Kg | Active | [85] | |
| In vitro, phorbol-induced edema of the mouse ear | Mouse | 5–100 µg/ear | Active | [89] |
| In vivo, collagen II induced arthritis | Rat | 3.036 mg/Kg | Active | [90] |
| In vivo, TPA-induced inflammation | Mouse | 0.75 mg/ear | Active | [91] |
| In vivo, carrageenan-induced pedal edema | Rat | * | Inactive | [92] |
In vivo, cotton pellet granuloma | Rat | * | Inactive | [92] | |
| In vitro, colorimetric assay with tetrazolium salt | Blood drawn from healthy volunteers | 100 µg/mL | Weak Activity | [93] |
| In vivo, croton oil-induced edema | Mouse | 20 mg/Kg | Active | [75] |
In vivo, croton oil-induced edema | Mouse | 0.1 mg/Kg | Active | [75] | |
In vitro, FMLP-induced neutrophil adhesion and transmigration | Human | 10 µg/mL | Active | [76] | |
| In vivo, xylene-induced ear edema | Mouse | 8 mg/Kg | Active | [94] |
In vivo, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability | Mouse | 16 mg/Kg | Active | [94] | |
In vivo, carrageenan-induced paw edema | Mouse | 8 mg/Kg | Active | [94] | |
| In vitro, zymosan activated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in a chemoluminescence assay system | Human | IC50 = 27.3 µg/mL | Weak activity | [95] |
| In vitro, zymosan activated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in a chemoluminescence assay system | Human | IC50 = 48.3 µg/mL | Weak activity | [95] |
| In vitro, zymosan activated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in a chemoluminescence assay system | Human | IC50 = 4.21 µg/mL | Active | [95] |
| In vitro, zymosan activated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in a chemoluminescence assay system | Human | IC50 = 79.1 µg/mL | Weak activity | [95] |
| In vitro, inhibitory activity on COX-1 | Mice | 100 µM | Active | [85] |
In vitro, inhibitory activity on COX-2 | Mice | 100 µM | Active | [85] | |
In vitro, inhibitory activity on 5-LOX | Mice | 100 µM | Active | [85] | |
In vivo, carrageenan-induced air pouch formation | Mouse | 8 mg/Kg | Active | [85] | |
In vivo, xylene-induced ear edema | Mouse | 8 mg/Kg | Active | [85] | |
| In vivo, allergic eosinophilia and cysteinyl leukotrienes production | Mice | 50 μg/animal | Active | [56] |
In vitro. OVA-sensitized animals were evaluated. The response was related with the increase of NO production | Mice | 0.4–10 mg/Kg | Active | [57] |
3. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
- Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors.
References
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Souto, A.L.; Tavares, J.F.; Da Silva, M.S.; Diniz, M.d.F.F.M.; De Athayde-Filho, P.F.; Barbosa Filho, J.M. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Alkaloids: An Update from 2000 to 2010. Molecules 2011, 16, 8515-8534. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16108515
Souto AL, Tavares JF, Da Silva MS, Diniz MdFFM, De Athayde-Filho PF, Barbosa Filho JM. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Alkaloids: An Update from 2000 to 2010. Molecules. 2011; 16(10):8515-8534. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16108515
Chicago/Turabian StyleSouto, Augusto Lopes, Josean Fechine Tavares, Marcelo Sobral Da Silva, Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz, Petrônio Filgueiras De Athayde-Filho, and José Maria Barbosa Filho. 2011. "Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Alkaloids: An Update from 2000 to 2010" Molecules 16, no. 10: 8515-8534. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16108515