In-Vitro Antagonistic Characteristics of Crude Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Garcinia kola (Heckel) Seeds against Some Vibrio Bacteria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Results
ORGANISM | M | A | C | ORGANISM | M | A | C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vibrio species ( EL 031) | - (0) | - (0) | +(10) | Vibrio species (AL 020) | + (15) | + (8) | +(21) |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL 043) | + (15) | + (8) | +(21) | V. vulnificus (AL 001) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) |
V. fluvialis (AL 025) | - (0) | - (0) | +(27) | V. fluvialis (AL002) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) |
Vibrio species (AL021) | + (13) | - (0) | +(20) | Vibrio species (AL035) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) |
V. vulnificus (AL042) | + (13) | + (10) | +(20) | V. vulnificus (AL048) | + (8) | - (0) | +(15) |
V. metschnikovii (AL012) | - (0) | - (0) | +(26) | V. vulnificus (AL018) | - (0) | - (0) | +(21) |
V. vulnificus (AL041) | - (0) | - (0) | +(21) | V. fluvialis (AL036) | - (0) | - (0) | +(13) |
Vibrio species (AL 050) | - (0) | - (0) | +(23) | V. fluvialis (AL013) | - (0) | - (0) | +(26) |
V. fluvialis (AL 022) | + (12) | + (9) | +(19) | V. parahaemolyticus (AL017) | - (0) | - (0) | +(26) |
V. vulnificus (AL 024) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) | V. vulnificus (AL038) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) |
V. fluvialis (AL014) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) | V. parahaemolyticus (AL049) | + (12) | + (9) | +(19) |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL009) | - (0) | - (0) | +(22) | V. vulnificus (AL011) | - (0) | - (0) | +(29) |
V. fluvialis (AL037) | - (0) | - (0) | +(16) | V. fluvialis (AL033) | - (0) | - (0) | +(15) |
V. vulnificus (AL039) | - (0) | - (0) | +(21) | V. fluvialis (AL004) | + (11) | - (0) | +(26) |
V. parahaemolyticus (DM 015) | - (0) | - (0) | +(25) | V. parahaemolyticus (AL003) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) |
Vibrio species (AL005) | - (0) | - (0) | +(16) | V. fluvialis (AL006) | - (0) | - (0) | +(27) |
V. fluvialis (AL031) | + (15) | + (8) | +(20) | V. fluvialis (AL027) | - (0) | - (0) | +(27) |
V. fluvialis (AL040) | + (20) | + (14) | +(20) | Vibrio species (EL 027) | - (0) | - (0) | +(27) |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL008) | - (0) | - (0) | +(30) | V. vulnificus (AL015) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL030) | + (11) | + (8) | +(23) | V. parahaemolyticus (AL032) | + (13) | + (8) | +(19) |
V. parahaemolyticus (EL009) | + (14) | - (0) | +(20) | V. vulnificus (AL044) | - (0) | - (0) | +(15) |
V. vulnificus (AL029) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) | V. parahaemolyticus (AL045) | + (12) | + (9) | +(20) |
V. metschnikovii (AL023) | + (12) | + (8) | +(17) | Vibrio species (AL047) | - (0) | - (0) | +(27) |
V. fluvialis (AL019) | + (11) | + (8) | +(19) | V. metschnikovii (AL 016) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL028) | - (0) | - (0) | +(20) | Vibrio species (EL 047) | - (0) | - (0) | +(15) |
ORGANISM | EXTRACTS | |||
METHANOL | AQUEOUS | |||
MIC (mg/mL) | MBC (mg/mL) | MIC (mg/mL) | MBC (mg/mL) | |
V. vulnificus (AL042) | 2.5 | >10 | >10 | >10 |
V. fluvialis (AL019) | 1.25 | >10 | 10 | >10 |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL049) | 1.25 | >10 | 10 | >10 |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL045) | 1.25 | >10 | 10 | >10 |
Vibrio. species (AL021) | 0.625 | 10 | - | - |
V. fluvialis (AL022) | 0.625 | 10 | >10 | >10 |
V. metschnikovii (AL023) | 0.625 | 10 | 10 | >10 |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL030) | 0.625 | 10 | 10 | >10 |
Vibrio. species (AL020) | 0.625 | 10 | 10 | >10 |
V. fluvialis (AL040) | 0.625 | 10 | 10 | >10 |
V. fluvialis (AL031) | 0.313 | 10 | 10 | >10 |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL032) | 0.313 | 10 | 10 | >10 |
V. parahaemolyticus (AL043) | 0.625 | 10 | 10 | >10 |
V. parahaemolyticus (EL009) | 0.625 | 10 | - | - |
V. fluvialis (AL004) | 0.625 | 10 | - | - |
V. vulnificus (AL048) | 1.25 | >10 | - | - |
2.2. Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant material
3.2. Preparation of extracts
3.3. Test Vibrio strains
3.4. Preparation of the Inoculum
3.5. Antibacterial susceptibility test
3.6. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
3.7. Rate of kill assay
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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Penduka, D.; Okoh, O.O.; Okoh, A.I. In-Vitro Antagonistic Characteristics of Crude Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Garcinia kola (Heckel) Seeds against Some Vibrio Bacteria. Molecules 2011, 16, 2754-2765. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16042754
Penduka D, Okoh OO, Okoh AI. In-Vitro Antagonistic Characteristics of Crude Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Garcinia kola (Heckel) Seeds against Some Vibrio Bacteria. Molecules. 2011; 16(4):2754-2765. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16042754
Chicago/Turabian StylePenduka, Dambudzo, Omobola O. Okoh, and Anthony I. Okoh. 2011. "In-Vitro Antagonistic Characteristics of Crude Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Garcinia kola (Heckel) Seeds against Some Vibrio Bacteria" Molecules 16, no. 4: 2754-2765. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16042754