Gamma-Mangostin, a Micronutrient of Mangosteen Fruit, Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Antiproliferation of γ-Mangostin in HT29 Cells
γ-Mangostin (μM) | Cytotoxicity (%) |
---|---|
10 | 0.00 ± 4.67 |
20 | 13.16 ± 0.14 |
40 | 34.47 ± 3.13 |
80 | 80.01 ± 0.57 |
100 | 95.36 ± 3.25 |
200 | 99.90 ± 0.58 |
IC50 (µM) | Cytotoxicity (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |
68.48 ± 6.73 | 51.87 ± 4.53 | 69.15 ± 3.24 | 85.38 ± 4.75 |
2.2. γ-Mangostin Induces the Apoptosis Process via Intracellular ROS Production
2.3. Cell Damage and ROS-Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction
3. Experimental
3.1. Chemicals
3.2. Extraction, Isolation, and Purification of γ-Mangostin
3.3. Cell Culture
3.4. Determination of Cell Viability by the MTT Assay
3.5. Morphological Study Using Fluorescence Microscopy
3.6. Apoptosis and Intracellular ROS Determination
3.7. Detection of the Mitochondrial Function
3.8. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Acknowledgements
References
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Chang, H.-F.; Yang, L.-L. Gamma-Mangostin, a Micronutrient of Mangosteen Fruit, Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2012, 17, 8010-8021. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078010
Chang H-F, Yang L-L. Gamma-Mangostin, a Micronutrient of Mangosteen Fruit, Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules. 2012; 17(7):8010-8021. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078010
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Hui-Fang, and Ling-Ling Yang. 2012. "Gamma-Mangostin, a Micronutrient of Mangosteen Fruit, Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells" Molecules 17, no. 7: 8010-8021. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078010