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Article

Synthesis of New 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and 1,2,3,4-Oxathiadiazole Derivatives from Carbohydrate Precursors and Study of Their Effect on Tyrosinase Enzyme

by
Mohamed M. El-Sadek
1,*,
Seham Y. Hassan
1,
Huda E. Abdelwahab
1 and
Galila A. Yacout
2
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21231, Egypt
2
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21231, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2012, 17(7), 8378-8396; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078378
Submission received: 1 May 2012 / Revised: 10 July 2012 / Accepted: 10 July 2012 / Published: 11 July 2012
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Versions Notes

Abstract

:
5-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (2) was condensed with a variety of ketones to afford carbohydrazide derivatives 3–6. Acetylation of 3–5 afforded the acetyl derivatives 7–9, while periodate oxidation of 3–6 afforded the formyl derivatives 10–13. Acid catalyzed condensation of thiosemicarbazide or o-tolylthiosemicarbazide with the prepared aldehydes 10–12 gave thiosemicarbazone derivatives 14–19. Cyclization of the latter with acetic anhydride afforded 4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl derivatives 20–25. On the other hand, condensation of p-tosylhydrazine with the prepared aldehydes 10–12 afforded p-tosylhydrazone derivatives 26–28. Cyclization of 26–28 with acetic anhydride afforded 1,2,3,4-oxathiadiazole derivatives 29–31 respectively. Moreover, the obtained results regarding to the effect of some of the prepared compounds on tyrosinase enzyme showed that the majority of these compounds having an inhibitory effect; especially compounds 12, 16, 17, and 28.

1. Introduction

It was shown that substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles exhibit antimicrobial [1] and antitubercular [2,3,4] activities, while other compounds act on the CNS as anticonvulsants [5,6,7] or as antidepressant and anxiolitic [8] agents. A family of selective 1,3,4-thiadiazole phosphodiesterase inhibitors [9], and selective orally active cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors [10] were reported. Moreover, many reports indicate that acylthiosemicarbazides and their corresponding cyclized 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives possess anti-inflammatory [11,12,13] and analgesic [14] activities. 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles are thus a group of heterocycles whose derivatives are important in industry, medicine and agriculture [13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. Accordingly, in continuation of our work in this area [22,23,24,25,26,27], a variety of heterocyclic derivatives have been prepared from saccharide derivatives, involving some new thiadiazoles, oxathiadiazoles, and their chemistry and effect of the derivatives on the enzyme tyrosinase was studied [28,29,30,31], which is the rate limiting step in melanin biosynthesis [32]. In humans, the main role of the melanins is photoprotection of the skin by absorbing UV radiation that causes DNA damage and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Human deficiency in melanin causes serious disorders like oculocutaneous albinism and vitiligo. There has also been great interest in the involvement of melanins in malignant melanosomes, the carcinogenic tumors of the skin. Melanoma is most commonly found on the skin, but around 10% arise in the eyes [33].
In addition, tyrosinase is involved in dopamine biosynthesis, which has been shown to be involved in the control of movements, and the signaling of errors in the prediction of reward, motivation, and cognition. Cerebral dopamine depletion is the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease [31]. Other pathological states have also been associated with dopamine dysfunction, such as schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [32].

2. Results and Discussion

2.1. Chemistry

Ethyl 5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylate (1) [34] was prepared, then boiled with hydrazine hydrate to give carbohydrazide 2 [35], which when condensed with a variety of ketones afforded carbohydrazides 3–6 in 64–96% yield (Scheme 1).
The structure of hydrazones 3–6 was proven by their 1H-NMR spectra, which showed the NH proton as a singlet at δ 9.87–9.20, the proton at position-4 in the furan ring as a singlet at 7.27–6.57 ppm, the 1'-OH proton at 5.06–5.05 and the rest of the sugar protons at the 4.58–4.28 range. The methyl protons at position-2 in the furan ring appeared as a singlet at δ 2.44–2.21 ppm; additionally the disappearance of the two NH2 protons was observed (see Experimental). It was observed that the C-1' hydroxyl proton of compounds 3–6, resonates at lower field (5.06–5.05 ppm) than the rest of the sugar protons. Electronic deshielding by the adjacent base residue undoubtedly is a major factor in causing these signals to appear at low field. Additional deshielding might also arise through the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the oxygen of the furan ring. Hydrogen bonding of this type was suggested in polyhydroxyalkyltriazole analogs [36] and polyhydroxyalkylpyrazolo-[3,4-b]-quinoxalines [37] having the D-arabino configuration of the side chain. In addition, the mass spectra of compounds 5 and 6, as examples of the series, showed the corresponding molecular ion peaks at m/z 377 and 342, respectively. On the other hand, acetylation of 3–5 afforded the corresponding acetyl derivatives 7–9 in 45–86% yield (Scheme 1).
Molecules 17 08378 g005 550
Scheme 1. Synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives.
Scheme 1. Synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives.
Molecules 17 08378 g005
The 1H-NMR spectra of compound 8 and 9 showed the disappearance of the OH protons in the sugar region, the O-acetyl protons at δ 2.43 and 2.23 ppm, respectively, and peaks at 2.59, 2.03 for the N- acetyl protons, respectively (for the other protons see the Experimental). Periodate oxidation of compounds 3–6 afforded the corresponding formyl derivatives 10–13, in 36–65% yields (Scheme 1).
1H-NMR spectra of compounds 10–12 showed the NH proton as a singlet at δ 9.32, 8.91 and 9.36 ppm. respectively, and the formyl group proton as a singlet at δ 9.87, 9.34, and 9.44 ppm, respectively (for other protons see the Experimental). The mass spectrum of compound 13, showed the molecular ion peak at m/z 250, which was also the base peak.
Acid catalyzed condensation of thiosemicarbazide or o-tolylthiosemicarbazide with the prepared formyl derivatives 10–12 gave thiosemicarbazone derivatives 14–19 in 43–99% yield (Scheme 1). The mass spectra of compounds 14, 16–18 showed the molecular ion peaks at m/z 343, 358, 433 and 449 respectively. Cyclization of the prepared compounds 14–19 with acetic anhydride afforded 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives 20–25 in 40–73% yield (Scheme 1).
The 1H-NMR spectra of compounds 20–22 showed the disappearance of the NH2 protons and CH=N proton. Instead, the N-Ac methyl protons appeared as a singlet. Interestingly, it was noted that the 1H-NMR spectra of compounds 21 and 22 showed the proton at position-4 in the furan ring as a doublet signal at δ 6.69 and 7.22 instead of a singlet signal due to the long rang interaction between H-furan and the NH proton of the amide group. However a theoretical study of the NMR of compound 21 was attempted whereby the stable conformer of this compound was first established using the universal force field UFF molecular mechanics method (Table 1). After that the {B3LYP/6-31G (d)} density functional approach was used to fine tune the geometry of the compound. The Orca computational chemistry program was used in this step. According to the calculation the distance between the NH proton and the H-furan is equal to 2.304 Å, which is the same value of the distance between the methylene protons and the methyl protons in the ethanol molecule. In the same way, H-furan appeared as a doublet due to the coupling interaction with the NH proton, while the proton of the NH group appears as a singlet, so the question is why the interaction with the H-furan didn't affect the signal of (NH) proton. This is attributed to the ionization factor [38] (Figure 1 and Figure 2).
Table
Table 1. The proton NMR isotropic shift of compound 21 calculated theoretically at the level 6-311G (d, p) using the Orca program and compared with the experimental values.
Table 1. The proton NMR isotropic shift of compound 21 calculated theoretically at the level 6-311G (d, p) using the Orca program and compared with the experimental values.
ProtonCalculatedExperimental
H-12.422.24
H-22.622.27
H-37.028.22
H-46.626.69
H-57.827.06
H-62.222.14
H-72.392.34
H-87.327.23–7.26
H-97.327.23–7.26
H-102.222.21
H-112.392.34
Molecules 17 08378 g001 550
Figure 1. The distance between NH proton and H-furan is equal to the distance between the methylene protons and the methyl protons in the ethanol molecule.
Figure 1. The distance between NH proton and H-furan is equal to the distance between the methylene protons and the methyl protons in the ethanol molecule.
Molecules 17 08378 g001
Molecules 17 08378 g002 550
Figure 2. Orca Computational Chemistry program of the compound 21.
Figure 2. Orca Computational Chemistry program of the compound 21.
Molecules 17 08378 g002
The mass spectra of compounds 20 and 22 showed the molecular ion peaks at m/z 427 and 526, respectively. The mass spectrum of compound 23 showed the molecular ion peak at m/z 560. In addition, condensation of p-tosylhydrazine with the formyl derivatives 10–12 afforded p-tosylhydrazone derivatives 26–28 respectively in 42–83% yield (Scheme 2). The 1H-NMR spectra of compounds 26 and 27 showed the disappearance of the aldehyde proton. The two NH protons showed as a singlet at δ 9.36, 9.71, and 9.36, 10.47, respectively, the CH3 protons of the p-tolyl moiety as a singlet at δ 2.36 and 2.32 ppm, respectively (see Experimental part). The mass spectra of compounds 26 and 27 showed the molecular ion peaks at m/z 438 and 454, respectively.
Similarly, cyclization of these hydrazones 26–28, with acetic anhydride afforded 1,2,3,4-oxathiadiazole derivatives 29–31 in 32–54% yield (Scheme 2). The 1H-NMR spectra of the compounds 29 and 31 showed the disappearance of both the CH=N and the NHSO2 proton signals. The 1H-NMR spectra showed the CH3 protons of the p-tolyl group as a singlet at δ 2.40, 2.49 ppm, the CH3-C=N protons as a singlet at δ 2.05, 2.09 and the CH3-furan protons as a singlet at δ 2.40, 2.49, respectively. The mass spectra of compounds 29 and 30 showed the molecular ion peaks at m/z 420 and 478, respectively.
Molecules 17 08378 g006 550
Scheme 2. Synthesis of oxathiadiazole derivatives.
Scheme 2. Synthesis of oxathiadiazole derivatives.
Molecules 17 08378 g006

2.2. Biological Activity Assay

Tyrosinase was prepared from mushrooms in a phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 6.0) according to the method of Yang and Robb [39], and the obtained supernatant after centrifugation was used as a source of enzyme.

2.2.1. Enzyme Activity Assay

The activity of the prepared enzyme solution was determined by following the formation of dopachrome spectrophotometrically at 30 °C, after addition of 50 μL enzyme preparation to a cuvette containing 1.2 mL phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 6.0) and 0.8 mL L-Dopa (10 mM), the solution was immediately mixed and the increase in absorbance at 475 nm (indicating the formation of dopachrome) was recorded using UV-20100-spectrophotometer. Blank experiment was carried out as mentioned above using 50 μL of buffer instead of enzyme preparation [40].

2.2.2. Enzyme Activity Assay in Presence of Compounds 10–12, 14–19, 26–28

The effect of the presence of compounds 10–12, 14–19, 26–28 on tyrosinase activity, was determined separately by following the above steps for dopachrome formation then recording the increase in absorbance at 475 nm at time intervals (0–180 s), as shown in Table 2, and Figure 3 and Figure 4. All tests were carried out in duplicate.
Table
Table 2. Effect of time on the velocity of tyrosinase-catalyzed reaction in presence of carbohydrazide derivatives (10–12), (14–19), and (26–28) compared to control enzyme.
Table 2. Effect of time on the velocity of tyrosinase-catalyzed reaction in presence of carbohydrazide derivatives (10–12), (14–19), and (26–28) compared to control enzyme.
Time (s)Rate (v)
Control enzyme101112141516171819262728
00.1180.3250.06050.1070.1480.0770.050.0690.980.2371.8970.0920.0245
300.3090.310.12350.1150.1320.0780.0520.1821.010.4021.9820.0820.0455
600.5020.2430.17250.08250.1190.0830.0540.3291.250.6252.0560.0630.0465
900.7020.1450.22250.0730.060.0850.0550.551.490.8182.1090.0740.0565
1200.8930.1180.2660.07250.0460.0880.0570.712.070.9632.1770.0890.064
1501.0630.1310.30150.0820.0430.0910.0590.922.31.3852.260.0860.0735
1801.1920.1510.33350.08050.0450.0940.061.082.581.682.310.060.082
Molecules 17 08378 g003 550
Figure 3. Effect of time on the rate of tyrosinase-catalyzed reaction in presence of compounds 18, 19, and 26 compared to control enzyme.
Figure 3. Effect of time on the rate of tyrosinase-catalyzed reaction in presence of compounds 18, 19, and 26 compared to control enzyme.
Molecules 17 08378 g003

2.2.3. Results

The obtained results showed that all these compounds are inhibitors for tyrosinase, except for compounds 18, 19 and 26 which were found to be activators of tyrosinase.

2.2.4. Type of Inhibition

The type of inhibition of N'-(1-(4-aminophenyl)ethylidene)-5-formyl-2-methylfuran-3-carbo-hydrazide (12), N'-(1-(4-aminophenyl)ethylidene)-5-formyl-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (16) and 1-((4-(1-(4-aminophenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)furan-2-yl)methylene-2-tosylhydrazine (28) on enzyme activity was detected by plotting 1/[S] against 1/v using different concentrations of dopa (3, 6, 10, 15, 20 mM) according to the abovementioned steps. Compound 12 showed a highly competitive inhibition, with Vmax (maximum rate, 0.33) and Km (Michaelis constant, 8.24), while both compound 16 and compound 28 showed an uncompetitive inhibition with Vmax (0.0667) and Km (0.763), and Vmax (0.074) and Km (0.444), respectively.
Molecules 17 08378 g004 550
Figure 4. Effect of time on the rate of tyrosinase-catalyzed reaction in presence of compounds 10–12, 14–17, 27 and 28 compared to control enzyme.
Figure 4. Effect of time on the rate of tyrosinase-catalyzed reaction in presence of compounds 10–12, 14–17, 27 and 28 compared to control enzyme.
Molecules 17 08378 g004

3. Experimental

3.1. General Methods

Melting points were determined on a Koffler block and are uncorrected. IR spectra were recorded on Perkin Elmer 1600 USA Spectrometer. 1H-NMR were recorded on a JEOL JNM ECA 500 MHz instrument using tetramethylsilane as an internal standard. Mass spectra were recorded on a GC-MS solution DI Analysis Shimadzu Qp-2010 instrument. Elemental analysis was determined at the Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University Plus. Optical rotation was obtained at 22 °C with a Perkin-Elmer model 241 Polarimeter equipped with a 10 cm, 1 mL micro cell. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on silica gel plates. Solutions were evaporated under diminished pressure unless otherwise stated. The ChemDraw-Ultra-8.0 software has been used to name the prepared compounds.

3.2. Reactions of Carbohydrazide 2 with Ketones

A solution of 5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide 2 (2.5 g, 0.01 mol) [31,32] in ethanol (50 mL) containing AcOH (0.1 mL) was treated with ketone (0.01 mol). The mixture was refluxed for 8 h. After cooling, the product that separated out was filtered off, washed with a little ethanol and dried.
5-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutyl)-2-methyl-N-(1-phenylethylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazide (3). Yield 96.4%. Rwcrystallized from ethanol as canary yellow crystals; m.p. 144–145 °C; Rf: 0.97 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); [α]D20 −19.2; IR (KBr): 1564 (C=N), 1642 (CONH), 3055 (NH), 3340 cm−1 (OH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 1.21 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.34 (s, 3H, CH3-furan), 3.33–3.38 (m, 1H, H-3'), 3.41–3.44 (m, 1H, H-2'), 3.47–3.53 (m, 2H, H-4a', H-4b'), 4.28–4.33 (m, 1H, 4'-OH; exchangeable with D2O), 4.41 (d, 1H, 3'-OH; J = 7.7 Hz, exchangeable with D2O), 4.57 (d, 1H, 2'-OH; J = 5.4 Hz, exchangeable with D2O), 4.69 (d, 1H, H-1'; J = 4.6 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1H, 1'-OH; J = 5.4 Hz, exchangeable with D2O), 7.27 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.42–7.44 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 7.91–7.93 (m, 2H, Ar-H), 9.87 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); Anal. Calcd for C18H22N2O6 (362.38): C, 59.66; H, 6.12; N, 7.73 Found: C, 59.50; H, 5.96; N, 7.60.
5-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutyl)-N-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (4). Yield 63.8%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow crystals; m.p. 229–230 °C; Rf: 0.76 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v) [α]D20 −5.5; IR (KBr): 1599 (C=N), 1655 (CONH), 3254, 3322 cm−1 (NH and OH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.08 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.21 (s, 3H, CH3-furan), 2.51–2.54 (m, 4H, H-2', H-3', H-4a', H-4b'), 3.42 (bs, 1H, 5'-OH; exchangeable with D2O), 4.33–4.34 (m, 1H, 4'-OH; exchangeable with D2O), 4.43 (dd, 1H, 3'-OH; J1,2= 7.7 Hz, J1,3 = 16.8 Hz; exchangeable with D2O), 4.57–4.59 (m, 1H, 2'-OH; exchangeable with D2O), 4.70 (dd, 1H, H-1'; J1,2 = 6.1 Hz, J1,3 = 15.3 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1H, 1'-OH; J = 6.9 Hz, exchangeable with D2O), 6.69 (s, 1H, H-furan), 6.79 (d, 2H, o-OH; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.73 (d, 2H, m-OH; J = 8.4 Hz), 9.73 (bs, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); Anal. Calcd for C18H22N2O7 (378.38): C, 57.14; H, 5.86; N, 7.40 Found: C, 57.29; H, 6.00; N, 7.56.
N'-(1-(4-Aminophenyl)ethylidene))-5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (5). Yield 84.9%. Recrystallized from ethanol as golden crystals; m.p. 174–175 °C; Rf: 0.83 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); [α]D20 −17; IR (KBr): 1588 (C=N), 1644 (CONH), 3238, 3334, 3387 cm−1 (NH, OH, and NH2); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.19 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.44 (s, 3H, CH3-furan), 3.33–3.38 (m, 1H, H-3'), 3.41–3.44 (m, 1H, H-2'), 3.47–3.49 (m, 1H, H-4a'), 3.50–3.53 (m, 1H, H-4b'), 4.28–4.33 (m, 1H, 4'-OH; exchangeable with D2O), 4.41 (d, 1H, 3'-OH; J = 7.7 Hz, exchangeable with D2O), 4.56 (d, 1H, 2'-OH; J = 3.4 Hz, exchangeable with D2O), 4.68 (d, 1H, H-1'; J = 4.6 Hz), 5.05 (d, 1H, 1'-OH; J = 6.8 Hz, exchangeable with D2O), 5.44 (s, 2H, NH2; exchangeable with D2O), 6.54 (d, 2H, o-NH2), 6.57 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.58 (d, 2H, m-NH2), 9 .20 (bs, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 77 (4.54), 92 (53.25), 118 (67.81), 133 (41.59),149 (8.57), 210 (9.36), 251 (100), 252 (17.94), 266 (68.55), 267 (13.58, M+); Anal. Calcd for C18H23N3O6 (377.39): C, 57.29; H, 6.14; N, 11.13 Found: C, 57.40; H, 6.29; N, 11.21.
5-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutyl)-2-methyl–N-(4-methylpentane-2-ylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazide (6). Yield 82%. Recrystallized from ethanol as white crystals; m.p. 142–143 °C; Rf: 0.55 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); [α]D20 −8.9; IR (KBr): 1581 (C=N), 1651 (CONH), 3260 (NH), 3321 cm−1 (OH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 0.85 (d, 6H, 2 CH3; J = 6.9 Hz), 1.83 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 1.89–1.90 (m, 1H, CH(CH3)2), 2.08 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.44 (s, 3H, CH3-furan), 3.44–3.54 (m, 4H, H-2', H-3', H-4a', H-4b'), 4.34 (d, 1H, 4'-OH; J = 5.4 Hz, exchangeable with D2O), 4.43 (dd, 1H, 3'-OH; J1,2 = 7.7 Hz, J1,3 = 16.8 Hz; exchangeable with D2O), 4.58 (t, 1H, 2'-OH; J1,2 = 7.7 Hz, J1,3 = 13.8 Hz; exchangeable with D2O), 4.70 (dd, 1H, H-1'; J1,2 = 6.1 Hz, J1,3 = 15.3 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1H, 1'-OH; J = 6.9 Hz, exchangeable with D2O), 6.65 (d, 1H, H-furan; J = 12.3 Hz), 9.87 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 55 (15.90), 57 (46.21), 69 (7.03), 71 (25.45), 95 (6.39), 96 (6.09), 111 (5.61), 113 (14.11), 139 (8.44), 149 (100), 150 (11.54), 167 (30.60), 168 (2.57), 185 (2.07), 230 (2.43), 284 (1.22), 342 (3.66, M+). Anal. Calcd for C16H26N2O6 (342.39): C, 56.13; H, 7.65; N, 8.18 Found: C, 56.29; H, 7.44; N, 8.30.

3.3. Reactions of 3–6 with Acetic Anhydride

5-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutyl)-2-methyl-N-(1-arylethylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazides 3–5 (0.002 mol) were dissolved in pyridine (10 mL) and acetic anhydride (10 mL) and left for 24 h. The mixture was then poured onto crushed ice, the product that separated was filtered off, washed several times with water and dried.
5-(1,2,3,4-Tetracetoxybutyl)-2-methyl-N-(1-phenylethylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazide (7). Yield 86%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow crystals; m.p. 134–135 °C, Rf: 0.83 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); [α]D20 −12.9; IR (KBr): 1594 (C=N), 1654 (CONH), 1720 (CO-acetyl), 3362 cm−1 (NH); Anal. Calcd for C26H30N2O10 (530.52): C, 58.86; H, 5.70; N, 5.28 Found: C, 58.72; H, 5.52; N, 4.99.
5-(1,2,3,4-Tetraacetoxybutyl)-N-(1-(4-acetoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (8). Yield 44.9%. Recrystallized from ethanol as pale yellow crystals; m.p. 149–150 °C; Rf: 0.24 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); [α]D20 −14.2; IR (KBr): 1579 (C=N), 1635 (CONH), 1754 (CO-acetyl), 3311 cm−1 (NH); 1H-NMR (CHCl3-d) δ: 2.17 (s, 3H, CH3CO), 2.31 (d, 12H, 4O-Ac), 2.43 (s, 3H, O-Ac), 2.59(s, 3H, CH3-furan), 4.44 (m, 2H, H4a', H4b'), 4.45 (dd, 1H, H-3'; J1,2 = 7.7 Hz, J1,3 = 16.8 Hz), 4.47 (t, 1H, H-2'; J1,2 = 7.7 Hz, J1,3 = 13.8 Hz), 4.58 (dd, 1H, H-1'; J1,2 = 6.1 Hz, J1,3 = 15.3 Hz), 6.64 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.14 (d, 2H, o-OAc), 7.93 (d, 2H, m-OAc), (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); Anal. Calcd for C28H32N2O12 (588.56): C, 57.14; H, 5.48; N, 4.76 Found: C, 57.28; H, 5.60; N, 4.89.
N'-(1-(4-Aminophenyl)ethylidene))-5-(1,2,3,4-tetracetoxybutyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (9). Yield 60.5%, Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow crystals; m.p. 279–280 °C, Rf: (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); [α]D20 −6.8; IR (KBr): 1602 (C=N), 1660 (CONH), 1732(CO-acetyl), 3288 cm−1 (NH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.03 (s, 6H, 2CH3), 2.23 (s, 18H, 4O-Ac, N-Ac), 3.34–3.54 (m, 4H, H-1',H-2', H-3', H4a,4b'), 6.64 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.62 (d, 2H, Ar-H; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.82 (d, 2H, Ar-H; J = 8.4 Hz), 9.03 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 10.08 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O). Anal. Calcd for C28H33N3O11 (587.58): C, 57.24; H, 5.66; N, 7.15 Found: C, 57.02; H, 5.49; N, 7.02.

3.4. Periodate Oxidation of 3–6

A solution of 3–6 (0.003 mol) dissolved in distilled water (50 mL) was treated with a solution of NaIO4 (0.008 mol) in distilled water (50 mL) dropwise with stirring for 3 h, the product that separated out was filtered off, washed with water and dried.
5-Formyl-2-methyl-N'-(1-phenylethylidene) furan-3-carbohydrazide (10). Yield 65%. Recrystallized from EtOH as a yellow powder; m.p. 114–115 °C; Rf: 0.84 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1593 (C=N), 1643 (CONH), 1728 (CHO), 3236 cm−1 (NH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.23 (s, 6H, 2CH3), 7.42–7.43 (m, 2H, Ar-H), 7.31 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.87–7.93 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 9.23 (bs, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 9.87 (s, 1H, CHO); Anal. Calcd for C15H14N2O3 (270.28): C, 66.66; H, 5.22; N, 10.36 Found: C, 66.44; H, 4.99; N, 10.19.
N'-(1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)-5-formyl-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (11). Yield 43.5%. Recrystallized from EtOH as white crystals; m.p. 192–193 °C; Rf: 0.32 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1597 (C=N), 1668 (CONH), 1751 (CHO), 3251, 3404 cm−1 (NH and OH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.27 (s, 6H, 2 CH3), 4.91 (bs,1H, OH; exchangeable with D2O), 6.86 (d, 2H, o-OH; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.81(d, 2H, m-OH; J = 8.4 Hz), 8.91 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 9.34 (s, 1H, CHO); Anal. Calcd for C15H14N2O4 (286.28): C, 62.93; H, 4.93; N, 9.79 Found: C, 62.75; H, 4.77; N, 9.60.
N'-(1-(4-Aminophenyl)ethylidene)-5-formyl-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (12). Yield 36%. Rerystallized from EtOH as dark yellow crystals; m.p. 145–146 °C; Rf: 0.86 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1586 (C=N), 1652 (CONH), 1768 (CHO), 3233, 3322, 3344 cm−1 (NH and NH2); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.27 (s, 6H, 2CH3), 4.95 (bs, 2H, NH2); exchangeable with D2O), 6.65–6.70 (m, 2H, o-NH2), 6.58 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.69–7.73 (m, 2H, m-NH2), 9.36 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 9.44 (s, 1H, CHO); Anal. Calcd for C15H15N3O3 (285.3): C, 63.15; H, 5.30; N, 14.73 Found: C, 62.99; H, 5.22; N, 14.62.
5-Formyl-2-methyl-N'-(4-methylpentan-2-ylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazide (13). Yield 58%. Recrystallized from EtOH as pale yellow needles; m.p. 210–211 °C; Rf: 0.77 (n-hexane/EtOAc, 7:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1632 (C=N), 1666 (CONH), 1720 (CHO), 3437 cm−1 (NH); MS: m/z (%), 65 (48.47), 80 (33.29), 92 (40.53), 93 (6.69), 104 (7.80), 113 (5.29), 117 (11), 118 (72.01), 119 (33.98), 122 (8.50), 132 (11.42), 133 (51.67), 136 (4.46), 141 (16.43), 145 (14.62), 148 (32.17), 149 (80.22), 150 (5.99), 158 (16.85), 167 (23.68), 174 (12.26), 178 (17.27), 181 (39.42), 182 (23.54), 193 (16.16), 195 (17.97), 196 (15.46), 211 (17.97), 224 (18.11), 225 (15.32), 227 (15.46), 230 (15.88), 250 (100, M+); Anal. Calcd for C13H18N2O3 (250.29): C, 62.38; H, 7.25; N, 11.19 Found: C, 62.13; H, 7.02; N, 11.10.

3.5. Reactions of 5-Formyl-2-methyl-N'-(1-arylethylidene) furan-3-carbohydrazide 10–12 with Thio-semicarbazide Derivatives

A solution of 5-formyl-2-methyl-N'-(1-arylethylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazide 10–12 (0.001 mol) in ethanol (20 mL) containing acetic acid (0.01 mL) was treated with thiosemicarbazide or p-tolyl- or o-tolylthiosemicarbazide (0.001 mol). The mixture was refluxed for 3–6 h. After cooling, the thiosemicarbazone which separated out was filtered off, washed with little ethanol and dried.
1-((4-(1-Phenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)-5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide (14). Yield 98%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow needles; m.p. 159–160 °C; Rf: 0.83(CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1489 (CSNH), 1589 (C=N), 1684 (CONH), 3148, 3207 (2NH), 3362, 3405 cm−1 (NH2); 1H-NMR (CHCl3-d) δ: 1.83 (bs, 2H, NH2; exchangeable with D2O), 2.29 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.31 (s, 3H, CH3-furan), 6.51 (bs, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 7.35–7.47 (m, 5H, Ar-H), 7.69 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.91 (s, 1H, CH=N), 8.79 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 51 (21.35), 76 (6.26), 77 (82.55), 91 (9.79), 92 (4.78), 103 (22.11), 118 (32.79), 133 (11.33), 221 (100), 222 (21.64), 343 (19.01, M+); Anal. Calcd for C16H17N5O2S (343.4): C, 55.96; H, 4.99; N, 20.39 Found: C, 55.79; H, 4.84; N, 20.22.
1-((4-(1-(4-Hydroxyphenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)thiosemi-carbazide (15). Yield 99.0%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow crystals; m.p. 146–147 °C; Rf: 0.47 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1499 (CSNH), 1585 (C=N), 1654 (CONH), 3182, 3200, 3358 cm−1 (2NH, NH2, and OH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.19 (s, 6H, 2CH3), 4.34 (bs, 2H, NH2; exchangeable with D2O), 6.72 (d, 2H, o-OH; J = 8.4 Hz), 6.76 (d, 1H, H-furan; J = 6.9 Hz), 7.73 (d, 2H, m-OH; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.77 (s, 1H, CH=N), 8.12 (s, 1H, OH; exchangeable with D2O), 9.73 (bs, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 10.02 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); Anal. Calcd for C16H17N5O3S (359.4): C, 53.47; H, 4.77; N, 19.49 Found: C, 53.36; H, 4.59; N, 19.34.
1-((4-(1-(4-Aminophenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide (16). Yield 43%. Recrystallized from ethanol as orange crystals; m.p. 179–180 °C; Rf: 0.75 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1489 (CSNH), 1591 (C=N), 1652 (CONH), 3311, 3388, 3344 cm−1 (NH, NH2); 1H-NMR [(CH3)2CO-d6] δ: 2.28 (s, 6H, 2CH3), 4.99 (bs, 4H, 2NH2; exchangeable with D2O), 6.61 (d, 2H, o-NH2; J = 8.4 Hz), 6.63 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.40 (bs,1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 7.61 (d, 2H, m-NH2; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.70 (s,1H, CH=N), 9.23 (s,1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%),64 (7.85), 65 (62.80), 77 (5.46), 80 (5.78), 91(26.67), 92 (55.68), 106 (7.60), 107 (7.39), 118 (71.91), 119 (38.57), 133 (61.38), 134 (17.57), 148 (15.14), 174 (4.71), 191 (27.20), 208 (30.73), 209 (4.70), 210 (9.01), 251 (100), 252 (18.49), 266 (66.40),358 (17.57, M+); Anal. Calcd for C16H18N6O2S (358.42): C, 53.62; H, 5.06; N, 23.45 Found: C, 53.41; H, 4.97; N, 23.22.
1-((4-(1-Phenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)-5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylene)-4-o-tolylthiosemicarbazide (17). Yield 68.8%/ Recrystallized from ethanol as white needles; m.p. 157–158 °C; Rf: 0.91 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1488 (CSNH), 1602 (C=N), 1658 (CONH), 3220, 3293 cm−1 (2NH); 1H-NMR (CHCl3-d) δ: 2.35 (s, 9H, 3CH3),7.21 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.23 (s, 1H, CH=N), 7.25–7.27 (m, 2H, Ar-H), 7.41–7.46 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 7.73–7.75 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 8.96 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 9.21 (s, 2H, 2NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 65 (28.65), 77 (100), 91 (32.72), 103 (16.00), 106 (25.49), 107 (51.97), 118 (24.99), 133 (64.04), 134 (19.96), 150 (15.79), 151 (9.96), 164 (11.37), 165 (8.88), 268 (61.82), 283 (52.96), 284 (10.21), 433 (8.86, M+);Anal. Calcd for C23H23N5O2S (433.53): C, 63.72; H, 5.35; N, 16.15 Found: C, 63.47; H, 5.11; N, 15.90.
1-((4-(1-(4-Hydroxyphenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)-5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylene)-4-o-tolylthio-semicarbazide (18). Yield 53%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow crystals; m.p. 229–230 °C; Rf: 0.5 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, V/V); IR (KBr): 1486 (CSNH), 1613 (C=N), 1664 (CONH), 3235, 3323, 3462 cm−1 (2NH, OH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.19 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.21 (s, 3H, CH3-fursn), 2.28 (s, 3H, CH3–tolyl), 6.74 (s,1H, H-furan), 5.68 (s, 1H, OH; exchangeable with D2O), 6.79 (d, 2H, o-OH; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.13–7.20 (m, 2H, o-tolyl), 7.23 (d, 1H, o-tolyl; J = 6.9 Hz), 7.32 (d, 1H, o-tolyl; J = 7.7 Hz), 7.73 (d, 2H, m-OH; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.84 (s, 1H, CH=N), 9.78 (bs, 3H, 3NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 50 (10.85), 51 (24.80), 65 (90.46), 77 (74.51), 91 (70.32), 107 (100), 119 (51.20), 134 (57.54), 149 (28.11), 150 (15.98), 164 (10.61), 175 (10.30), 205 (6.06), 212 (8.73), 237 (6.29), 253 (97.99), 268 (80.70), 283 (26.17), 284 (9.88), 296 (6.67), 299 (6.04), 449 (10.61, M+); Anal. Calcd for C23H23N5O3S (449.53): C, 61.45; H, 5.16; N, 15.58 Found: C, 61.23; H, 5.02; N, 15.40.
1-((4-(1-(4-Aminophenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)-5-methylfuran-2-yl)methylene)-4-o-tolylthio-semicarbazide (19). Yield 44%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow crystals; m.p. 139–140 °C; Rf: 0.77 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1482 (CSNH), 1622 (C=N), 1683 (CONH), 3205, 3252, 3288, 3324 cm−1 (3NH, NH2); 1H-NMR [(CH3)2CO-d6] δ: 2.20 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.24 (s, 3H, CH3-furan), 2.35 (s, 3H, CH3–tolyl), 5.45 (bs, 2H, NH2; exchangeable with D2O), 6.52 (d, 2H, o-NH2; J = 8.4 Hz), 6.56 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.16–7.19 (m, 2H, o-tolyl), 7.23 (d, 1H, o-tolyl; J = 6.9 Hz), 7.37 (d, 1H, o-tolyl; J = 7.7 Hz), 7.6 (s, 1H, CH=N), 7.69 (d, 2H, m-NH2; J = 8.4 Hz), 9.71 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 10.27 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); Anal. Calcd for C23H24N6O2S (448.54): C, 61.59; H, 5.39; N, 18.74 Found: C, 61.44; H, 5.28; N, 18.66.

3.6. Reactions of Thiosemicarbazones 14–19 with Acetic Anhydride

A mixture of 14–19 (0.01 mol), acetic anhydride (10 mL, 0.1 mol) was gently refluxed for 2 h. The hot solution was poured onto ice water (10 mL) and the dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole which separated was filtered off, washed several times by water and dried.
5-(5-Acetamido-4-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methyl-N'-(1-phenylethylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazide (20). Yield 65%. Recrystallized from ethanol as white needles; m.p. 220–221 °C; Rf: 0.65 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1597 (C=N), 1698 (CONH), 1715 (CO-acetyl), 3135, 3219 cm−1 (2NH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 1.98 (s, 3H, CH3C=N), 2.16 (s, 6H, 2 N-Ac), 2.25(s, 3H, CH3-furan), 7.21 (d, 1H, H-furan), 7.23 (s, 1H, H-thiadiazolyl), 7.30–7.32 (m, 5H, Ar-H), 9.23 (bs, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 11.60 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 59 (6.70), 77 (29.21), 78 (9.60), 91 (5.22), 92 (5.37), 103 (14.25), 104 (13.30), 116 (9.86), 117 (6.74), 118 (25.31), 119 (7.62), 120 (4.38), 121 (12.26), 133 (15.23), 134 (5.36), 150 (5.09), 158 (12.76), 178 (32.05), 220 (100), 221 (13.32), 222 (5.74), 235 (13.82), 262 (13.77), 277 (28.09), 427 (5.09, M+); Anal. Calcd for C20H21N5O4S (427.48): C, 56.19; H, 4.95; N, 16.38 Found: C, 55.96; H, 4.81; N, 16.14.
4-(1-(5-(5-(N-Acetylacetamido)-4-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboyl imino)ethyl)phenylacetate (21). Yield 42%. Recrystallized from ethanol as white crystals; m.p. 123–124 °C; Rf: 0.41 (n-hexane/EtOAc, 7:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1593 (C=N), 1671 (CONH), 1680 (CO-acetyl), 3237 cm−1 (NH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 1.24 (s, 3H, CH3C=N), 2.14 (s, 3H, N-Ac), 2.21 (s, 3H, O-Ac), 2.27 (s, 3H, CH3-furan), 2.34 (s, 6H, N-(Ac)2), 6.69 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.06 (s, 1H, H-thiadiazolyl), 7.23–7.26 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 8.22 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); Anal. Calcd for C24H25N5O7S (527.55): C, 54.64; H, 4.78; N, 13.28 Found: C, 54.52; H, 4.64; N, 13.17.
5-(5-(N-Acetylacetamido)-4-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-N'-(1-(4-acetamidophenyl)-ethylidene)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (22). Yield 73%. Recrystallized from ethanol as buff needles; m.p. 152–135 °C; Rf: 0.47 (n-hexane/EtOAc, 7:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1610 (C=N), 1651 (CONH), 1695 (CO-acetyl), 3232, 3345 cm−1 (2NH); 1H-NMR [(CH3)2CO-d6] δ: 2.03 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.08 (s, 3H, N-Ac), 2.11 (s, 3H, N-Ac), 2.29 (s, 3H, CH3-furan), 2.48(s, 6H, N(Ac)2), 7.22 (d, 1H, H-furan), 7.30 (d, 2H, m-NAc; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.44 (s, 1H, H-thiadiazolyl), 7.56 (d, 2H, o-NAc; J = 8.4 Hz), 9.23 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 10.50 (bs, 1H, NH-Ac; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 56 (31.73), 57 (20.17), 59 (30,76), 60 (21.91), 63 (7.39), 67 (12.24), 74 (60.64), 80 (5.05) 81 (8.21), 104 (7.24), 105 (5.83), 111 (7.53), 114 (16.47), 115 (100), 134 (13.51), 135 (12.88), 144 (6.56), 146 (4.86), 157 (15.11), 168 (5.88), 172 (5.88), 182 (5.73), 203 (6.66), 215 (7.19), 222 (5.00), 223 (5.49), 251 (9.33), 255 (8.41), 257 (4.71), 277 (17.15), 282 (5.78), 286 (5.34), 295 (5.49), 319 (5.78), 526 (5.34, M+); Anal. Calcd for C24H26N6O6S (526.56): C, 54.74; H, 4.98; N, 15.96 Found: C, 54.49; H, 4.81; N, 15.70.
5-(5-(N-o-Tolylacetamido)-4-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-N-acetyl-2-methyl-N'-(1-phenyl ethylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazide (23). Yield 59%. Recrystallized from ethanol as white needles; m.p. 107–108 °C; Rf: 0.87 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1594 (C=N), 1682 cm−1 (CO-acetyl); 1H-NMR (CHCl3-d)δ: 1.88 (s, 6H, 2N-Ac), 2.20 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.28 (s, 3H, CH3–furan), 2.35 (s, 3H, CH3-o-tolyl), 2.38 (s, 3H, N-Ac), 6.81 (s, 1H, H- furan), 7.17 (s, 1H, H-thiadiazolyl), 7.21–7.25 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 7.31–7.40 (m, 6H, Ar-H); MS: m/z (%),65 (7.53), 77 (27.45), 78 (9.15), 91 (17.54), 103 (13.66), 104 (18.10), 107 (23.20), 118 (28.32), 121 (19.42), 133 (18.36), 149 (7.33), 150 (7.61), 161 (13.18), 206 (11.26), 221 (0.67), 248 (14.33), 250 (9.44), 268 (45.35), 310 (100), 311 (20.21), 325 (17.89), 367 (47.84), 559(13.18, M+); Anal. Calcd for C29H29N5O5S (559.64): C, 62.24; H, 5.22; N, 12.51 Found: C, 62.50; H, 4.99; N, 12.38.
4-(1-(5-(5-(N-o-Tolylacetamido)-4-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboyl-imino)ethyl)phenyl acetate (24). Yield 40%. Recrystallized from ethanol as buff needles; m.p. 119–120 °C; Rf: 0.28 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1560 (C=N), 1652 (CONH), 1699 (CO-acetyl), 3233 cm−1 (NH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 1.71 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 1.79 (s, 6H, N-Ac, O-Ac), 1.87 (s, 3H, CH3–furan), 1.93 (s, 3H, CH3–o-tolyl), 6.72 (s, 1H, H-furan), 6.78 (d, 2H, o-OAc; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.13–7.20 (m, 2H, o-tolyl-H), 7.21 (d, 1H, o-tolyl-H; J = 6.9 Hz ),7.29 (d, 1H, o-tolyl-H; J = 7.7 Hz), 7.70 (d, 2H, m-OAc; J = 8.4 Hz), 7.81 (s, 1H, H-thiadiazolyl), 8.85 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O), 9.69 (s, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O). Anal. Calcd for C29H29N5O6S (533.6): C, 60.51; H, 5.08; N, 12.17 Found: C, 60.37; H, 4.99; N, 12.05.
5-(5-(N-o-Tolylacetamido)-4-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-N'-(1-(4-(N-acetylacetamido) phenyl)ethylidene)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (25). Yield 69%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow needles; m.p. 114–115 °C; Rf: 0.65 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1598 (C=N), 1647 (CONH), 1677 (CO-acetyl), 3377 cm−1 (NH); Anal. Calcd for C31H32N6O6S (616.69): C, 60.38; H, 5.23; N, 13.63 Found: C, 60.26; H, 5.31; N, 13.74.

3.7. Reactions of 5-Formyl-2-methyl-N'-(1-arylethylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazides 10–12 with p-tosylhydrazine

A solution of 5-formyl-2-methyl-N'-(1-arylethylidene)furan-3-carbohydrazide 10–12 (0.001 mol) in ethanol (30 mL) containing acetic acid (0.01 mL) was treated with p-tosylhydrazine (0.196 g, 0.001 mol). The mixture was refluxed for 3–4 h. After cooling, the product which separated out was filtered off, washed with little ethanol and dried.
1-((4-(1-Phenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)furan-2-yl)-2-p-tosylhydrazine methylene (26). Yield 57%. Recrystallized from ethanol as white crystals; m.p. 115–116 °C; Rf: 0.88 (CHCl3/MeOH, 20:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1163,1335 (SO2), 1599 (C=N), 1659 (CONH), 3223 cm−1 (NH); 1H-NMR [(CH3)2CO-d6] δ: 2.21 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.30 (s, 3H, CH3-furan), 2.36 (s, 3H, CH3–tolyl), 7.32–7.36 (m, 3H, Ph), 7.41–7.43 (m, 2H, m-H of Ph), 7.68–7.69 (m, 2H,o-H of p-tolyl), 7.83 (s,1H, H-furan), 7.85 (s, 1H, CH=N), 7.93–7.95 (m, 2H, m-H of p-tolyl), 9.36 (s, 2H, 2NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 65 (40.65), 77 (30.59), 78 (25.23), 91 (33.65), 92 (90.68), 104 (100), 118 (20.56), 132 (30.51), 133 (85.78), 134 (10.56), 140 (5.36), 288 (8.96), 438 (10.56, M+). Anal. Calcd for C22H22N4O4S (438.5): C, 60.26; H, 5.06; N, 12.78 Found: C, 60.05; H, 4.93; N, 12.53.
1-((4-(1-(4-Hydroxyphenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)furan-2-yl)methylene-2-p-tosylhydrazine (27). Yield 42%. Recrystallized from ethanol as orange crystals; m.p. 269–270 °C, Rf: 0.92 (CHCl3/MeOH, 15:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1164, 1337 (SO2), 1598 (C=N), 1658 (CONH), 3225, 3447 cm−1 (NH, OH); 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.14 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.32 (s, 6H, CH3-furan, CH3 of p-tolyl), 4.99 (bs, 1H, OH; exchangeable with D2O), 6.70 (d,1H, H-furan; J = 8.5 Hz), 7.37 (d, 2H,o-H of p-tolyl; J = 7.7 Hz), 7.33 (t, 2H, o-OH; J1,2 = 3.1, J1,3 = 5.4 Hz), 7.58 (t, 2H, m-OH; J1,2 = 3.1, J1,3 = 5.4 Hz), 7.69 (s, 1H, CH=N), 7.78 (d, 2H,m-H of p-tolyl;J = 7.7 Hz), 9.71 (s, H, NH; exchangeable with D2O),10.47 (s, H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 59 (7.33), 81 (4.23), 108 (19.85), 119 (11,00), 120 (21.47), 121 (16.05), 149 (31.06), 150 (7.52), 155 (6.25), 156 (6.25), 158 (12.69), 178 (27.39), 220 (100), 221 (13.15), 235 (13.28), 262 (15.08), 277 (29.17), 278 (6.49), 454 (15.08, M+). Anal. Calcd for C22H22N4O5S (454.5): C, 58.14; H, 4.88; N, 12.33 Found: C, 57.96; H, 4.75; N, 12.22.
1-((4-(1-(4-Aminophenylethylideneaminocarbamoyl)furan-2-yl)methylene-2-p-tosylhydrazine (28). Yield 83%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow crystals, m.p. 160–162 °C; Rf: 0.61 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1182, 1363 (SO2), 1589 (C=N), 1661 (CONH), 3238, 3391, 3429 cm−1 (NH, NH2). Anal. Calcd for C22H23N5O4S (453.51): C, 58.26; H, 5.11; N, 15.44 Found: C, 58.19; H, 5.02; N, 15.40.

3.8. Reactions of 26–28 with Acetic Anhydride

A mixture of 1-((4-(1-arylethylidene aminocarbamoyl)furan-2-yl)methylene-2-p-tosylhydrazine 26–28 (0.0005 mol), acetic anhydride (20 mL) was gently refluxed for 20 min. The hot solution was poured onto ice water (10 mL), the 1,2,3,4-oxathiadiazole product which separated was filtered off, washed several times by water and dried.
2-Methyl-N'-(1-phenylethylidene)-5-(2-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4-oxathiadiazol-5-yl)furan-3-carbohydrazide (29). Yield 54%. Recrystallized from ethanol as buff needles; m.p. 174–175 °C; Rf: 0.83 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1598 (C=N), 1645 (CONH), 1710 (CO-acetyl), 3260 cm−1 (NH); 1H-NMR (CHCl3-d) δ: 2.05 (s, 3H, CH3CN), 2.40 (s, 3H, CH3–furan), 2.43 (s, 3H, CH3p-tolyl), 7.26–7.33 (m, 4H, p-tolyl), 7.40 (s,1H, H-furan), 7.44–7.48 (m, 1H, p-H of Ph), 7.76 (d, 2H, m-H of Ph;J = 8.4 Hz), 7.94 (d, 2H, o-H of Ph; J = 8.4 Hz), 8.19 (bs, 1H, NH; exchangeable with D2O); MS: m/z (%), 51 (15.47), 65 (24.48), 77 (47.41), 91 (55.26), 103 (96.40), 104 (22.97), 105 (21.46), 119 (12.93), 133 (100), 134 (9.78), 139 (17.48), 160 (78.93), 175 (55.76), 420 (9.77, M+); Anal. Calcd for C22H20N4O3S (420.48): C, 62.84; H, 4.79; N, 13.32 Found: C, 62.95; H, 4.59; N, 13.19.
4-(1-(2-Methyl-5-(2-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4-oxathiadiazol-5-yl)furan-3-carboylimino)ethyl) phenyl acetate (30). Yield 42%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow needles; m.p. 104–105 °C; Rf: 0.26 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1597 (C=N), 1643 (CONH), 1713 (CO-acetyl), 3368 cm-1 (NH); MS: m/z (%), 51 (15.47), 65 (91.77), 77 (78.93), 91 (71.33), 103 (9.40), 105 (23.11), 107 (100), 119 (63.07), 133 (60.24), 134 (65.21), 149 (36.02), 150 (23.07), 160 (9.03), 164 (45.44), 175 (12.24), 253 (96.40), 261 (0.21), 267 (11.78), 268 (45.26), 283 (23.05), 296 (12.45, 478 (24.48, M+); Anal. Calcd for C24H22N4O5S (478.52): C, 60.24; H, 4.63; N, 11.71 Found: C, 60.07; H, 4.54; N, 11.60.
N'-(1-(4-Acetamidophenyl)ethylidene)-2-methyl-5-(2-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4-oxathiadiazol-5-yl)furan-3-carbo- hydrazide (31). Yield 32%. Recrystallized from ethanol as yellow needles; m.p. 111–112 °C; Rf: 0.58 (CHCl3/MeOH, 25:1, v/v); IR (KBr): 1599 (C=N), 1645 (CONH), 1710 (CO-acetyl), 3390 (NH); 1H-NMR [(CH3)2CO-d6] δ: 2.09 (s, 6H, CH3CN, CH3CO), 2.49 (s, 3H, CH3–furan), 2.49 (s, 3H, CH3p-tolyl), 7.64 (s, 1H, H-furan), 7.73 (d, 4H, p-tolyl; J = 9.2 Hz), 7.90 (d, 4H, Ar-H; J = 8.4 Hz), 9.57 (bs, 2H, 2NH; exchangeable with D2O); Anal. Calcd for C24H23N5O4S (477.54): C, 60.36; H, 4.85; N, 14.67 Found: C, 60.19; H, 4.71; N, 14.63.

4. Conclusions

Some new C-nucleoside derivatives, thiadiazole and oxathiadiazole derivatives have been prepared as well as their physical properties and biological effect on the enzyme tyrosinase studied.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Mkhyoon, M. of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University for his help in theoretical calculations.

References

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  • Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds 1–31 are available from the authors.

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El-Sadek, M.M.; Hassan, S.Y.; Abdelwahab, H.E.; Yacout, G.A. Synthesis of New 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and 1,2,3,4-Oxathiadiazole Derivatives from Carbohydrate Precursors and Study of Their Effect on Tyrosinase Enzyme. Molecules 2012, 17, 8378-8396. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078378

AMA Style

El-Sadek MM, Hassan SY, Abdelwahab HE, Yacout GA. Synthesis of New 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and 1,2,3,4-Oxathiadiazole Derivatives from Carbohydrate Precursors and Study of Their Effect on Tyrosinase Enzyme. Molecules. 2012; 17(7):8378-8396. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078378

Chicago/Turabian Style

El-Sadek, Mohamed M., Seham Y. Hassan, Huda E. Abdelwahab, and Galila A. Yacout. 2012. "Synthesis of New 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and 1,2,3,4-Oxathiadiazole Derivatives from Carbohydrate Precursors and Study of Their Effect on Tyrosinase Enzyme" Molecules 17, no. 7: 8378-8396. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078378

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