Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of Physical Fatigue-Attenuating Components from Rubus parvifolius L.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemical Analysis
2.2. The Effects of RPL on Mouse Body Weight Change
Groups | Body weights(g) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Initial | Final | Increased | |
Control | 23.8 ± 0.5 | 40.2 ± 0.8 | 16.4 ± 0.8 |
Red Ginseng | 24.0 ± 0.7 | 39.6 ± 0.8 | 15.6 ± 0.9 |
A1 | 24.4 ± 1.0 | 40.5 ± 0.9 | 16.1 ± 1.2 |
A2 | 23.7 ± 0.9 | 39.6 ± 1.3 | 15.9 ± 1.2 |
B1 | 24.2 ± 0.9 | 39.8 ± 1.3 | 15.6 ± 1.0 |
B2 | 23.6 ± 0.9 | 39.3 ± 1.1 | 15.7 ± 0.8 |
C1 | 24.2 ± 1.0 | 40.6 ± 1.2 | 16.3 ± 0.9 |
C2 | 23.3 ± 0.9 | 39.5 ± 1.2 | 16.1 ± 1.4 |
D1 | 24.5 ± 1.0 | 41.1 ± 1.3 | 16.6 ± 1.1 |
D2 | 24.1 ± 0.8 | 39.9 ± 1.2 | 15.8 ± 1.2 |
Groups | Body weights(g) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Initial | Final | Increased | |
Normal | 23.2 ± 0.6 | 31.2 ± 0.8 | 8.1 ± 0.7 |
Control | 23.3 ± 0.5 | 31.3 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.6 |
RG1 | 23.8 ± 0.8 | 31.2 ± 0.7 | 7.4 ± 0.8 |
RG2 | 24.0 ± 0.7 | 31.9 ± 0.6 | 7.9 ± 0.8 |
E1 | 23.7 ± 0.9 | 31.6 ± 0.9 | 7.9 ± 0.7 |
E2 | 23.9 ± 0.9 | 31.6 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 1.0 |
F1 | 22.8 ± 0.8 | 31.2 ± 0.6 | 8.4 ± 1.1 |
F2 | 23.5 ± 0.7 | 30.9 ± 0.6 | 7.4 ± 0.7 |
G1 | 23.7 ± 0.9 | 31.0 ± 1.0 | 7.3 ± 0.8 |
G2 | 23.2 ± 0.8 | 30.9 ± 0.9 | 7.7 ± 0.9 |
H1 | 23.1 ± 0.8 | 30.6 ± 0.8 | 7.6 ± 0.7 |
H2 | 22.9 ± 0.8 | 30.8 ± 0.9 | 7.9 ± 1.1 |
I1 | 24.0 ± 1.0 | 32.1 ± 1.0 | 8.1 ± 0.9 |
I2 | 23.7 ± 0.8 | 31.1 ± 0.9 | 7.5 ± 0.9 |
2.3. The Effects of RPL on Mice in Swimming-to-Exhaustion Test
2.4. The Effects of RPL on SUN, TG, LDH, Ammonia, LA and HG
Groups | SUN (mmol/L) | TG (mmol/L) | LDH (IU/L) | Ammonia (umol/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 10.33 ± 0.63 | 2.880 ± 0.1052 | 585.1 ± 21.12 | 93.1 ± 7.29 |
Red Ginseng | 9.29 ± 0.71 ** | 2.765 ± 0.1246 * | 590.7 ± 17.22 | 91.9 ± 6.71 |
A1 | 9.95 ± 0.77 | 2.875 ± 0.0664 | 575.2 ± 23.64 | 94.9 ± 8.48 |
A2 | 9.74 ± 0.76 | 2.858 ± 0.1055 | 580.8 ± 21.80 | 98.3 ± 8.51 |
B1 | 9.81 ± 0.78 | 2.931 ± 0.1064 | 594.6 ± 28.41 | 87.2 ± 7.21 |
B2 | 9.04 ± 0.66 * | 2.784 ± 0.0763 * | 587.7 ± 28.23 | 90.5 ± 6.38 |
C1 | 9.41 ± 0.76 ** | 2.769 ± 0.0568 * | 597.2 ± 21.50 | 88.1 ± 6.67 |
C2 | 8.84 ± 0.70 ** | 2.745 ± 0.0573 ** | 603.3 ± 27.45 | 85.6 ± 8.14 * |
D1 | 9.72 ± 0.68 | 2.967 ± 0.0934 | 567.6 ± 23.28 | 94.7 ± 9.03 |
D2 | 9.55 ± 0.69 * | 2.909 ± 0.1184 | 578.4 ± 24.91 | 95.2 ± 6.56 |
Groups | BUN (mmol/L) | TG (mmol/L) | LDH (IU/L) | Ammonia (umol/L) | LA (mg /dL) | HG (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | 6.48 ± 0.45 | 1.959 ± 0.069 | 383.9 ± 23.27 | 52.2 ± 5.09 | 44.1 ± 4.6 | 47.90 ± 5.83 |
Control | 9.66 ± 0.68 | 2.162 ± 0.083 | 894.5 ± 35.59 | 134.1 ± 7.26 | 65.9 ± 6.1 | 19.44 ± 1.96 |
RG1 | 9.06 ± 0.86 | 2.077 ± 0.090 * | 919.9 ± 60.71 | 128.9 ± 10.21 | 61.3 ± 5.6 | 39.26 ± 3.82 ** |
RG2 | 8.91 ± 0.71 * | 2.034 ± 0.077 ** | 922.4 ± 49.74 | 127.4 ± 9.62 | 59.3 ± 6.4 * | 43.17 ± 5.38 ** |
E1 | 9.38 ± 0.70 | 2.148 ± 0.077 | 927.5 ± 50.40 | 129.7 ± 9.32 | 62.2 ± 6.9 | 19.76 ± 1.93 |
E2 | 9.66 ± 0.84 | 2.134 ± 0.053 | 921.1 ± 43.57 | 127.7 ± 12.56 | 61.9 ± 8.7 | 20.20 ± 1.72 |
F1 | 9.41 ± 0.63 | 2.083 ± 0.123 | 908.3 ± 38.90 | 126.2 ± 10.50 | 64.6 ± 8.8 | 20.60 ± 2.47 |
F2 | 9.21 ± 0.75 | 2.052 ± 0.092 * | 932.5 ± 42.57 * | 121.1 ± 15.02 * | 63.8 ± 8.3 | 19.30 ± 2.06 |
G1 | 8.90 ± 0.71 * | 2.050 ± 0.096 * | 938.2 ± 47.62 * | 115.7 ± 12.94 ** | 57.8 ± 7.1 * | 40.59 ± 4.19 ** |
G2 | 8.58 ± 0.69 ** | 1.992 ± 0.074 ** | 970.5 ± 81.40 * | 104.1 ± 11.62 ** | 54.5 ± 6.3 ** | 43.04 ± 4.59 ** |
H1 | 9.30 ± 0.82 | 2.165 ± 0.104 | 903.2 ± 33.03 | 125.7 ± 14.64 | 63.4 ± 8.1 | 21.58 ± 3.34 |
H2 | 9.14 ± 0.98 | 2.178 ± 0.125 | 916.2 ± 30.97 | 135.1 ± 11.28 | 62.2 ± 7.1 | 21.89 ± 3.60 |
I1 | 9.09 ± 0.83 | 2.170 ± 0.103 | 937.0 ± 44.94 * | 113.3 ± 11.54 ** | 60.9 ± 4.3 * | 38.67 ± 3.24 ** |
I2 | 8.79 ± 0.76 * | 2.067 ± 0.107 * | 951.9 ± 58.00 * | 109.0 ± 15.19 ** | 58.7 ± 5.7 * | 41.45 ± 3.81 ** |
2.5. The Effects of RPL on IL-6 and TNF-α
Groups | IL-6 (pg/mL) | TNF-α (pg/mL) |
---|---|---|
Normal | 224.19 ± 19.51 ** | 870.08 ± 53.65 ** |
Control | 348.04 ± 25.39 | 978.43 ± 52.14 |
RG1 | 328.97 ± 17.46 | 926.13 ± 34.58 * |
RG2 | 320.11 ± 19.94 * | 905.50 ± 44.7 ** |
E1 | 334.61 ± 26.80 | 941.72 ± 47.44 |
E2 | 340.64 ± 18.67 | 945.96 ± 73.91 |
F1 | 328.69 ± 30.19 | 956.67 ± 53.94 |
F2 | 339.75 ± 26.34 | 945.39 ± 75.32 |
G1 | 317.34 ± 29.03 * | 912.73 ± 35.94 ** |
G2 | 310.84 ± 32.74 * | 907.71 ± 39.16 ** |
H1 | 337.22 ± 34.54 | 937.43 ± 45.74 |
H2 | 343.11 ± 33.55 | 947.29 ± 49.97 |
I1 | 325.76 ± 19.94 * | 931.77 ± 38.32 * |
I2 | 324.21 ± 17.17 * | 923.91 ± 44.69 * |
3. Experimental
3.1. Chemicals, Reagents and Instruments
3.2. Plant Materials
3.3. Extraction, Isolation of RPL Components
3.4. Animals
3.5. Experimental Design
3.5.1. Weight-Loaded Swimming Experiment I
3.5.2. Analysis of Blood Biochemical Parameters
3.5.3. Weight-Loaded Swimming Experiment II
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chen, J.; Wang, X.; Cai, Y.; Tang, M.; Dai, Q.; Hu, X.; Huang, M.; Sun, F.; Liu, Y.; Xia, P. Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of Physical Fatigue-Attenuating Components from Rubus parvifolius L. Molecules 2013, 18, 11624-11638. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180911624
Chen J, Wang X, Cai Y, Tang M, Dai Q, Hu X, Huang M, Sun F, Liu Y, Xia P. Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of Physical Fatigue-Attenuating Components from Rubus parvifolius L. Molecules. 2013; 18(9):11624-11638. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180911624
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jianhong, Xianfeng Wang, Yongqing Cai, Ming Tang, Qing Dai, Xiaogang Hu, Mingchun Huang, Fengjun Sun, Yao Liu, and Peiyuan Xia. 2013. "Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of Physical Fatigue-Attenuating Components from Rubus parvifolius L." Molecules 18, no. 9: 11624-11638. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180911624