Polyolefin Backbone Substitution in Binders for Low Temperature Powder Injection Moulding Feedstocks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Design of Binder Composition
Name | PE | PW | PEG1000 | PEG4000 | PEG6000 | SA | ɸm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt.% | wt.% | wt.% | wt.% | wt.% | wt.% | wt.% | |
F1 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 39 | 10 | 1 | 84.7 |
F2 | 10 | 30 | 10 | 39 | 10 | 1 | 85.2 |
F3 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 39 | 10 | 1 | 85.2 |
F4 | 40 | - | 20 | 39 | - | 1 | 85.2 |
F5 | 40 | - | 10 | 25 | 20 | 5 | 85.2 |
F6a | 40 | 10 | - | 20 | 29 | 1 | 85.2 |
F6b | 85.5 | ||||||
F6c | 85.9 | ||||||
F6d | 86.5 | ||||||
F7a | 40 | 10 | - | 10 | 39 | 1 | 85.2 |
F7b | 85.5 | ||||||
F7c | 85.8 | ||||||
F8a | 50 | - | - | 10 | 39 | 1 | 85.2 |
F8b | 85.5 | ||||||
F8c | 85.8 | ||||||
F9 | 20 | 30 | - | 20 | 29 | 1 | 85.5 |
F10 | 30 | 30 | - | - | 39 | 1 | 85.2 |
F11 | 35 | 30 | - | 15 | 19 | 1 | 85.2 |
F12 | 30 | 40 | - | 12 | 13 | 5 | 85.6 |
F13 | 31 | 33 | - | 15 | 16 | 5 | 85.2 |
F14 | 20 | 30 | 10 | 15 | 22 | 3 | 85.5 |
F15 | 25 | 36 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 3 | 85.2 |
F16 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 27 | 3 | 85.2 |
Name | CW wt.% | PW wt.% | PEG1000 wt.% | PEG4000 wt.% | PEG6000 wt.% | SA wt.% | ɸm wt.% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F17 | - | 45 | - | - | 50 | 5 | 84.7 |
F18 | - | 40 | - | 15 | 40 | 5 | 84.2 |
F19 | 25 | 30 | - | 20 | 20 | 5 | 84.5 |
F20 | 35 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 84.2 |
F21 | 40 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 25 | 3 | 84.2 |
F22 | 40 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 25 | 1 | 85.2 |
2.2. Thermal Analysis of Feedstocks
Feedstock | Peak 1 | Peak 2 | Peak 3 | Peak 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[°C] | [wt.%] | [°C] | [wt.%] | [°C] | [wt.%] | [°C] | [wt.%] | |
F1 | 185 | 0.36 | 223 | 11.61 | - | - | 455 | 4.98 |
F2 | 180 | 0.19 | 215 | 11.92 | - | - | 447 | 4.8 |
F3 | 175 | 0.51 | 215 | 10.09 | - | - | 465 | 5.77 |
F4 | 171 | 0.33 | 223 | 10.15 | 348 | 4.33 | 469 | 2.11 |
F5 | 175 | 0.21 | 238 | 9.35 | 349 | 4.53 | 473 | 2.2 |
F6a | 176 | 0.15 | 251 | 8.82 | 352 | 4.97 | 473 | 2.18 |
F6b | 184 | 0.15 | 234 | 7.77 | 338 | 4.9 | 472 | 2.21 |
F6c | 192 | 0.17 | 243 | 8.47 | 348 | 4.17 | 470 | 1.82 |
F6d | 192 | 0.14 | 230 | 7.8 | 338 | 4.42 | 457 | 1.95 |
F7a | 189 | 0.11 | 242 | 8.11 | 356 | 3.92 | 462 | 1.94 |
F7b | 197 | 0.31 | 240 | 8.62 | 341 | 4.14 | 471 | 2.14 |
F7c | 194 | 0.19 | 238 | 8.21 | 335 | 4.34 | 453 | 2.1 |
F8a | 181 | 0.15 | 232 | 7.67 | 348 | 6.38 | 454 | 2.67 |
F8b | 185 | 0.19 | 237 | 7.34 | 349 | 5.1 | 446 | 2.23 |
F8c | 188 | 0.18 | 234 | 6.9 | 344 | 5.3 | 450 | 2.34 |
F9 | 180 | 0.23 | 204 | 7.51 | 352 | 4.48 | 459 | 1.29 |
F10 | 189 | 0.22 | 205 | 7.63 | 350 | 4.6 | 456 | 1.54 |
F11 | 205 | 0.32 | - | - | 354 | 13.9 | 462 | 1.95 |
F12 | 201 | 0.29 | 245 | 7.62 | 348 | 4.62 | 460 | 1.85 |
F13 | 207 | 0.35 | 251 | 8.29 | 349 | 4.88 | 455 | 1.96 |
F14 | 176 | 0.36 | 219 | 9.52 | - | - | 448 | 5.16 |
F15 | 203 | 0.38 | 248 | 9.25 | 348 | 4.04 | 455 | 1.74 |
F16 | 171 | 0.23 | 200 | 9.88 | - | - | 458 | 5 |
F17 | 174 | 0.18 | 208 | 10.03 | - | - | 442 | 4.64 |
F18 | 172 | 0.12 | 209 | 12.68 | - | - | 442 | 4.51 |
F19 | 190 | 0.16 | 231 | 9.07 | - | - | 460 | 6.42 |
F20 | 194 | 0.17 | 245 | 8.89 | 341 | 4.56 | 458 | 2.16 |
F21 | 189 | 0.16 | - | - | 346 | 13.71 | 460 | 2.08 |
F22 | 195 | 0.23 | 247 | 8.74 | 345 | 4.45 | 459 | 1.91 |
2.3. Thermal Analysis of Water Debinded Feedstocks
Feedstock | Peak 1 | Peak 2 | Peak 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[°C] | [wt.%] | [°C] | [wt.%] | [°C] | [wt.%] | |
F2 | 210 | 0.93 | 225 | 5.75 | 487 | 4.86 |
F6a | 200 | 2.43 | 364 | 11.4 | 475 | 1.91 |
F7a | 170 | 2.48 | - | - | 477 | 13.52 |
F9 | 170 | 1.33 | 250 | 6.1 | 480 | 3.56 |
F10 | 220 | 0.16 | 229 | 5.77 | 490 | 4.44 |
F14 | 199 | 0.89 | 220 | 6.57 | 494 | 4.64 |
F16 | 175 | 1.17 | 252 | 10.1 | 449 | 4.19 |
F22 | 208 | 1.8 | 230 | 6.37 | 467 | 5.35 |
3. Experimental
3.1. Materials
Name | PE | PW | CW | PEG1000 | PEG4000 | PEG6000 | SA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density [g/cm³] ISO 1133 | 0.918 | 0.9 | 0.97 | 1.09 | 1.41 | 1.21 | 0.85 |
Melting Temperature [°C] | 108 | 58 | 84 | 32 | 62 | 62 | 70 |
Molecular Weight [g/mol] | 250,000 | 400 | 1000 | 1000 | 4000 | 6000 | 284 |
Viscosity [kPa.s] | 20 | 2 | 12 | 10 | 72 | 147 | 3 |
3.2. Preparation of Feedstocks
3.3. Methods
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflictts of Interest
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Appendix
- Sample Availability: Samples of all compounds F1–F22 are available from the authors.
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Hausnerova, B.; Kuritka, I.; Bleyan, D. Polyolefin Backbone Substitution in Binders for Low Temperature Powder Injection Moulding Feedstocks. Molecules 2014, 19, 2748-2760. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19032748
Hausnerova B, Kuritka I, Bleyan D. Polyolefin Backbone Substitution in Binders for Low Temperature Powder Injection Moulding Feedstocks. Molecules. 2014; 19(3):2748-2760. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19032748
Chicago/Turabian StyleHausnerova, Berenika, Ivo Kuritka, and Davit Bleyan. 2014. "Polyolefin Backbone Substitution in Binders for Low Temperature Powder Injection Moulding Feedstocks" Molecules 19, no. 3: 2748-2760. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19032748