The Content of Phenolic Compounds in Leaf Tissues of White (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) and Red Horse Chestnut (Aesculus carea H.) Colonized by the Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Identification of Phenolics in Horse Chestnut Leaves
No Peak | Compounds | Rt (min) | λmax (nm) | [MS]− m/z | [MS/MS]− m/z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Neochlorogenic acid | 3.47 | 324 | 353 | 191 |
2 | A-type PA-tetramer | 3.68 | 280 | 1151 | 863 |
3 | Caffeoyl-hexose-rhamnose | 4.16 | 311 | 487 | 163 |
4 | Procyanidin B2 | 5.45 | 280 | 577 | 289 |
5 | Trihydroxycinnamoylquinic acid isomers | 5.68 | 327 | 369 | 189 |
6 | (−)-Epicatechin | 6.01 | 280 | 289 | 245 |
7 | A-type PA-trimer | 6.36 | 277 | 863 | 575 |
8 | A-type PA-tetramer | 6.63 | 277 | 1151 | 863 |
9 | A-type PA-trimer | 7.43 | 277 | 863 | 575 |
10 | Quercetin-3-O-galacoside | 8.33 | 355 | 463 | 301 |
11 | Procyanidin B type dimer | 8.54 | 276 | 577 | 289 |
12 | A-type PA-tetramer | 8.63 | 277 | 1151 | 575 |
13 | Quercetin-3-O-arabinoside | 9.35 | 350 | 433 | 301 |
14 | Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside | 9.40 | 350 | 609 | 301 |
15 | Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside | 9.61 | 347 | 447 | 301 |
16 | Keampferol-3-O-arabinoside | 10.47 | 340 | 417 | 285 |
17 | Keampferol-3-O-rhamnoside | 10.83 | 340 | 431 | 285 |
Compounds | White Horse Chestnut | Red Horse Chestnut | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
June | June | September | September | September | |
No Infected Leaves (A) | Infected Leaves (B) | Infected Leaves (C) | No Infected Leaves (D) | Infected Leaves (E) | |
Neochlorogenic acid | 1.26 ǂ | 0.44 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.19 |
A-type PA-tetramer | 1.10 | 0.93 | 0.13 | 2.04 | 1.40 |
Caffeoyl–hexose-rhamnose | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.06 |
Procyanidin B2 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.08 | 2.66 | 0.87 |
Trihydroxycinnamoylquinic acid isomers | 0.64 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
(−)-Epicatechin | 9.50 | 7.77 | 0.86 | 15.36 | 3.74 |
A-type PA-trimer | 3.49 | 2.82 | 0.32 | 4.95 | 4.05 |
A-type PA-tetramer | 0.80 | 0.54 | 0.15 | 2.13 | 1.32 |
A-type PA-trimer | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.09 | 1.81 | 1.16 |
Quercetin-3-O-galacoside | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.18 |
Procyanidin B type dimer | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.04 | 1.71 | 0.39 |
A-type PA-tetramer | 3.66 | 3.15 | 0.31 | 7.86 | 5.35 |
Quercetin-3-O-arabinoside | 2.48 | 1.66 | 0.32 | 4.27 | 2.86 |
Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.59 | 0.79 |
Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside | 8.22 | 5.26 | 0.79 | 5.93 | 4.96 |
Keampferol-3-O-arabinoside | 0.39 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 0.89 | 0.88 |
Keampferol-3-O-rhamnoside | 1.55 | 0.93 | 0.17 | 1.19 | 1.15 |
Procyanidin polymers | 24.40 | 20.40 | 2.29 | 46.38 | 23.62 |
Total | 60.09 | 46.57 | 5.70 | 90.84 | 52.98 |
2.2. Quantification of Phenolics in Chestnut Horse Leaves
2.3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
3. Experimental
3.1. Reagent and Standards
3.2. Plant Material
3.3. Extraction Procedure
3.4. Identification of Polyphenols by the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Method
3.5. Analysis of Proanthocyanidins by Phloroglucinolysis Method
3.6. Principal Component Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Oszmiański, J.; Kalisz, S.; Aneta, W. The Content of Phenolic Compounds in Leaf Tissues of White (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) and Red Horse Chestnut (Aesculus carea H.) Colonized by the Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić). Molecules 2014, 19, 14625-14636. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914625
Oszmiański J, Kalisz S, Aneta W. The Content of Phenolic Compounds in Leaf Tissues of White (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) and Red Horse Chestnut (Aesculus carea H.) Colonized by the Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić). Molecules. 2014; 19(9):14625-14636. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914625
Chicago/Turabian StyleOszmiański, Jan, Stanisław Kalisz, and Wojdyło Aneta. 2014. "The Content of Phenolic Compounds in Leaf Tissues of White (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) and Red Horse Chestnut (Aesculus carea H.) Colonized by the Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić)" Molecules 19, no. 9: 14625-14636. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914625