A Novel Synthesis of Fused Uracils: Indenopyrimidopyridazines, Pyrimidopyridazines, and Pyrazolopyrimidines for Antimicrobial and Antitumor Evalution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemistry
2.2. Antimicrobial Screening
Anticancer Activity
3. Experimental Section
3.1. General
3.2. Biological Evaluation
3.2.1. Antimicrobial Bioassay by Using the Agar Diffusion Cylinder Method [36]
3.2.2. Determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
3.2.3. Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity Using Viability Assay
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tested Compounds | Gram-Positive Bacteria | Gram-Negative Bacteria | Fungi | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacillus subtilis | Streptococcus pneumoniae | Escherichia coli | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Candida albicans | Aspergillus fumigatus | |
4a | 20.6 ± 0.63 | 18.3 ± 0.72 | 20.6 ± 1.2 | 15.2 ± 0.58 | NA | 18.3 ± 1.5 |
4b | 25.3 ± 1.2 | 22.6 ± 0.72 | 28.3 ± 0.72 | 24.2 ± 0.58 | NA | 23.4 ± 1.5 |
4c | 23.6 ± 0.63 | 21.1 ± 1.5 | 23.4 ± 1.2 | 19.2 ± 1.5 | NA | 21.5 ± 1.2 |
5a | 21.3 ± 0.72 | 22.4 ± 0.63 | 21.3 ± 0.37 | 20.1 ± 0.63 | NA | 19.3 ± 0.63 |
5b | 18.1 ± 0.63 | 17.3 ± 0.63 | NA | 17.3 ± 0.63 | NA | NA |
6b | 22.3 ± 1.5 | 20.1 ± 0.58 | 22.4 ± 0.58 | 18.6 ± 1.2 | NA | 21.3 ± 1.2 |
6c | 17.3 ± 0.63 | 19.2 ± 0.72 | 16.3 ± 0.46 | 17.3 ± 0.63 | NA | 17.3 ± 0.63 |
6d | 20.9 ± 1.5 | 19.2 ± 1.2 | 21.3 ± 0.37 | 17.3 ± 0.63 | NA | 18.9 ± 1.2 |
6f | 15.2 ± 0.63 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 13.6 ± 0.63 |
7a | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
7b | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Tetracycline | 28.7 ± 0.5 | 26.4 ± 0.7 | 30.2 ± 0.6 | 27.4 ± 0.8 | ||
Amphotericin B | - | - | - | - | 25.4 ± 0.63 | 23.7 ± 0.72 |
Sample Tested Microorganisms | 4a | 4b | 4c | 5a | 6d | Standard |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (µg/mL) | ||||||
Fungi | Amphotericin B | |||||
Aspergillus fumigatus (RCMB 02568) | 7.81 | 1.95 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 1.95 |
Candida albicans (RCMB 05036) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.98 |
Gram Positive Bacteria: | Ampicillin | |||||
Streptococcuspneumonia (RCMB 010010) | 7.81 | 1.95 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 1.95 |
Bacillis subtilis (RCMB 010067) | 3.9 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 1.95 | 3.9 | 0.49 |
Gram negative Bacteria: | Gentamicin | |||||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (RCMB 010043-5) | 62.5 | 0.98 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 15.63 | 0.98 |
Escherichia coli (RCMB 010052-6) | 3.9 | 0.49 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 3.9 | 0.49 |
Tested Compounds | IC50 Values (μg/mL) | ±Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|
4a | 3.6 | 0.4 |
4b | 47.6 | 2.8 |
4c | 4.6 | 0.3 |
5a | >200 | >8 |
5b | 95.1 | 2.6 |
6a | 106.7 | 2.5 |
6b | 42.2 | 1.9 |
6c | 160.4 | 5.8 |
6d | 189.9 | 7.6 |
6e | 49.8 | 2.4 |
6f | 34.8 | 3.2 |
7a | 104.5 | 4.9 |
7b | 68.1 | 1.7 |
8a | 20.4 | 0.8 |
8c | 86.1 | 1.7 |
5-Flurouracil | 4.1 | 0.6 |
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El-Kalyoubi, S.; Agili, F. A Novel Synthesis of Fused Uracils: Indenopyrimidopyridazines, Pyrimidopyridazines, and Pyrazolopyrimidines for Antimicrobial and Antitumor Evalution. Molecules 2016, 21, 1714. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121714
El-Kalyoubi S, Agili F. A Novel Synthesis of Fused Uracils: Indenopyrimidopyridazines, Pyrimidopyridazines, and Pyrazolopyrimidines for Antimicrobial and Antitumor Evalution. Molecules. 2016; 21(12):1714. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121714
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Kalyoubi, Samar, and Fatimah Agili. 2016. "A Novel Synthesis of Fused Uracils: Indenopyrimidopyridazines, Pyrimidopyridazines, and Pyrazolopyrimidines for Antimicrobial and Antitumor Evalution" Molecules 21, no. 12: 1714. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121714