Carnosol and Related Substances Modulate Chemokine and Cytokine Production in Macrophages and Chondrocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Anti-Inflammatory Effects Measured in Macrophages
2.2. Abietane Diterpenes Modulate the Expression of Cytokine and Chemokine Genes in Macrophages
2.3. Carnosol and Related Diterpenes Impair Expression of Chemokine and Catabolic Genes in Chondrosarcoma Cells and Primary Chondrocytes
2.4. Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Phytochemicals and Reagents
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. RNA Isolation, cDNA Synthesis and RT-PCR
4.4. Measurement of Nitric Oxide and PGE2 Determination
4.5. NF-κB Translocation Experiments in Chondrocytes
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABTT | 8,11,13-Abietatriene-11,12,20-triol |
CA | Carnosic acid |
CL | Carnosol |
CAME | Carnosic acid 12-methyl-ether |
NHAC-kn | Normal human articulocytes-knee |
NO | Nitric oxide |
PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
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- Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors (limited stock).
Carnosol (CL) | Carnosic Acid 12-Methyl Ether (CAME) | 20-Deoxy-Carnosol | Carnosic Acid (CA) | Abieta-8,11,13-Triene-11,12,20 Triol (ABTT) | l-NAME 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NO | 5.0 ± 2.8 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 11.9 ± 0.6 | 6.9 ± 2.2 | 12.5 ± 4.8 | 150 ± 34 |
PGE2 | 9.4 ± 2.1 | 44.4 ± 6.1 | 18.8 ± 6.4 | 11.4 ± 0.9 | 7.8 ± 4.6 | >1000 |
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Schwager, J.; Richard, N.; Fowler, A.; Seifert, N.; Raederstorff, D. Carnosol and Related Substances Modulate Chemokine and Cytokine Production in Macrophages and Chondrocytes. Molecules 2016, 21, 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040465
Schwager J, Richard N, Fowler A, Seifert N, Raederstorff D. Carnosol and Related Substances Modulate Chemokine and Cytokine Production in Macrophages and Chondrocytes. Molecules. 2016; 21(4):465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040465
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchwager, Joseph, Nathalie Richard, Ann Fowler, Nicole Seifert, and Daniel Raederstorff. 2016. "Carnosol and Related Substances Modulate Chemokine and Cytokine Production in Macrophages and Chondrocytes" Molecules 21, no. 4: 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040465