A Metabolomic Approach for the Discrimination of Red Ginseng Root Parts and Targeted Validation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Non-Targeted Component Analysis
2.2. Targeted Validation of Ginsenosides
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Materials
3.2. Chemicals and Reagents
3.3. Sample Preparation for Metabolomics
3.4. UPLC-QToF Analysis
3.5. Multivariate Analysis
3.6. Ginsenoside Analysis
3.7. Isolation of Selected Markers
3.8. General Experimental Procedures for Compounds 1 and 2
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Marker Ion | Retention Time (min) | Mass to Charge Ratio (m/z) | Identification | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Markers for fine root | Ion a | 18.26 | 425.3798 | Ginsenoside Rd |
Ion b | 16.52 | 425.3784 | Ginsenoside Rc | |
Ion c | 17.13 | 407.3690 | Ginsenoside Rb2 | |
Ion d | 15.94 | 425.3777 | Ginsenoside Rb1 | |
Ion f | 15.18 | 423.3632 | Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg2 | |
Markers for Main root | Ion g | 27.97 | 701.3853 | gingerglycolipid B (1) |
Ion h | 27.72 | 520.3447 | unknown | |
Ion k | 29.60 | 496.3431 | unknown | |
Ion l | 39.33 | 338.3435 | 13-cis-docosenamide (2) |
Analytes | Main Root | Lateral Roots | Fine Root | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PPT 1-type | NG 3-R1 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 1.39 ± 0.10 |
G 4-Rg1 | 1.85 ± 1.13 | 2.91 ± 1.17 | 4.73 ± 0.60 | |
G-Re | 2.12 ± 1.39 | 2.85 ± 0.86 | 8.88 ± 1.04 | |
G-Rf | 0.54 ± 0.21 | 0.86 ± 0.25 | 1.45 ± 0.18 | |
20(S)-G-Rh1 | 0.85 ± 0.37 | 0.75 ± 0.27 | 1.22 ± 0.31 | |
20(S)-G-Rg2 | 0.14 ± 0.0543 | 0.30 ± 0.07 | 0.230± 0.31 | |
20(R)-G-Rg2 | 0.22 ± 0.10 | 0.20 ± 0.09 | 1.52 ± 0.55 | |
G-Rg6 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | |
G-Rk3 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | |
G-F4 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.35 ± 0.06 | |
G-Rh4 | 0.17 ± 0.08 | 0.14 ± 0.06 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | |
Octillol-type | G-Ro | 0.25 ± 0.07 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.16 |
PPD 2-type | G-Rb1 | 3.89 ± 1.68 | 7.91 ± 2.58 | 20.54 ± 3.56 |
G-Rc | 1.15 ± 0.39 | 3.17 ± 0.99 | 9.27 ± 2.23 | |
G-Ra1 | 0.04 ± 0.16 | 0.07 ± 0.33 | 4.78 ± 3.42 | |
G-Rb2 | 1.46 ± 0.47 | 4.20 ± 1.28 | 11.33 ± 3.38 | |
G-Rb3 | 0.26 ± 0.09 | 0.70 ± 0.22 | 2.10 ± 0.57 | |
G-Rd | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.21 | 2.46 ± 0.60 | |
20(S)-G-Rg3 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.07 | |
20(R)-G-Rg3 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | |
G-Rk1 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | |
G-Rg5 | 0.63 ± 0.121 | 0.98 ± 0.21 | 1.59 ± 0.21 | |
sum of PPT type | 6.10 ± 2.41 | 8.30 ± 2.41 | 15.90 ± 2.00 | |
sum of PPD type | 7.82 ± 2.89 | 17.99 ± 5.29 | 53.10 ± 9.12 | |
PPD/PPT | 1.30 ± 0.10 | 2.18 ± 0.26 | 3.34 ± 0.39 |
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In, G.; Seo, H.K.; Park, H.-W.; Jang, K.H. A Metabolomic Approach for the Discrimination of Red Ginseng Root Parts and Targeted Validation. Molecules 2017, 22, 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22030471
In G, Seo HK, Park H-W, Jang KH. A Metabolomic Approach for the Discrimination of Red Ginseng Root Parts and Targeted Validation. Molecules. 2017; 22(3):471. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22030471
Chicago/Turabian StyleIn, Gyo, Hyun Kyu Seo, Hee-Won Park, and Kyoung Hwa Jang. 2017. "A Metabolomic Approach for the Discrimination of Red Ginseng Root Parts and Targeted Validation" Molecules 22, no. 3: 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22030471