Essential Oils of Hyptis pectinata Chemotypes: Isolation, Binary Mixtures and Acute Toxicity on Leaf-Cutting Ants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material, Extraction and Chemical Analysis of Essential Oils
4.2. Obtainment of Major Compounds
4.3. Insects
4.4. Bioassays
4.4.1. Exposure Pathways
4.4.2. Binary Mixtures
4.5. Statistical Analyses
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide are available from the authors. |
Compound | RRI a | Concentration (%) b of the Compounds in H. pectinate Chemotypes | |
---|---|---|---|
Plant SAM-016 | Plant SAM-019 | ||
β-pinene | 974 | 2.26 | - |
p-cymene | 1020 | 1.32 | - |
Limonene | 1024 | 1.65 | - |
δ-elemene | 1335 | 3.92 | - |
α-cubenene | 1345 | 1.56 | 0.31 |
α-copaene | 1374 | 4.85 | 1.12 |
β-bourbonene | 1387 | 1.02 | 0.47 |
β-elemene | 1389 | 7.79 | 2.05 |
β-caryophyllene | 1417 | 17.66 | 9.42 |
γ-elemene | 1434 | - | 0.63 |
(Z)-muurola-3,5-diene | 1448 | - | 0.56 |
α-humulene | 1452 | 1.66 | 0.81 |
γ-muurolene | 1478 | 5.66 | - |
Germacrene D | 1484 | - | 1.87 |
(Z)-β-guaiene | 1492 | - | 4.77 |
Bicyclogermacrene | 1500 | 4.57 | - |
Lepidozene | 1502 | - | 0.68 |
γ-cadinene | 1513 | - | 2.72 |
(E)-calamenene | 1521 | 5.76 | 1.81 |
Spathulenol | 1577 | 10.09 | - |
Caryophyllene oxide | 1582 | 11.52 | 22.89 |
Globulol | 1590 | 1.82 | - |
α-acorenol | 1632 | - | 0.15 |
Epi-α-cadinol | 1638 | 4.88 | - |
Cubenol | 1645 | - | 3.29 |
α-cadinol | 1652 | 2.22 | 1.59 |
Calamusenone | 1676 | - | 36.08 |
Essential oil content (%) | 0.67 | 0.62 |
Treatment | N. Insects | LD50 a (95%CI) (μg mg−1) | LD90 (95%CI) (μg mg−1) | Slope b | Χ2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acromyrmex balzani | ||||||
Chemotype β-caryophyllene | 391 | 8.18 (7.09–8.96) | 31.16 (22.17–52.47) | 2.20 | 2.59 | 0.53 |
Chemotype calamusenone | 406 | 3.48 (3.05–3.91) | 9.84 (8.32–12.42) | 2.84 | 2.97 | 0.22 |
β-caryophyllene | 224 | 15.59 (13.87–17.68) | 47.31 (37.41–65.98) | 2.66 | 1.92 | 0.62 |
Calamusenone | 811 | 13.21 (12.56–13.82) | 18.93 (17.87–20.40) | 8.19 | 1.90 | 0.61 |
Caryophyllene oxide | 252 | 18.97 (17.00–21.08) | 49.53 (40.47–66.70) | 3.05 | 2.97 | 0.22 |
Atta sexdens rubropilosa | ||||||
Chemotype β-caryophyllene | 310 | 3.61 (3.13–4.20) | 11.67 (9.20–16.09) | 2.51 | 2.01 | 0.36 |
Chemotype calamusenone | 406 | 4.65 (3.77–5.52) | 25.80 (18.05–47.17) | 1.72 | 3.60 | 0.16 |
β-caryophyllene | 392 | 4.76 (4.14–5.46) | 14.74 (12.09–18.99) | 2.60 | 0.24 | 0.88 |
Calamusenone | 335 | 5.96 (5.25–6.61) | 12.19 (10.88–14.11) | 4.12 | 5.18 | 0.07 |
Caryophyllene oxide | 644 | 35.34 (29.47–40.99) | 158.92 (107.62–355.32) | 1.96 | 0.05 | 0.97 |
Treatment | N. Insects | LC50 a (95%CI) (μL L−1) | LC90 (95%CI) (μL L−1) | Slope b | Χ2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acromyrmex balzani | ||||||
Chemotype β-caryophyllene | 294 | 1.82 (1.57–2.08) | 6.34 (5.14–8.37) | 2.36 | 1.86 | 0.60 |
Chemotype calamusenone | 173 | 0.59 (0.53–0.65) | 1.35 (1.17–1.63) | 3.58 | 4.50 | 0.10 |
β-caryophyllene | 497 | >100.00 * | - | - | - | - |
Calamusenone | 441 | >100.00 * | - | - | - | - |
Caryophyllene oxide | 495 | >100.00 * | - | - | - | - |
Atta sexdens rubropilosa | ||||||
Chemotype β-caryophyllene | 203 | 1.18 (0.95–1.41) | 6.15 (4.47–10.40) | 1.79 | 5.30 | 0.06 |
Chemotype calamusenone | 171 | 2.15 (2.04–2.29) | 3.52 (3.18–4.05) | 6.01 | 1.52 | 0.52 |
β-caryophyllene | 422 | >100.00 * | - | - | - | - |
Calamusenone | 392 | >100.00 * | - | - | - | - |
Caryophyllene oxide | 392 | >100.00 * | - | - | - | - |
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Feitosa-Alcantara, R.B.; Bacci, L.; Blank, A.F.; Alves, P.B.; Silva, I.M.d.A.; Soares, C.A.; Sampaio, T.S.; Nogueira, P.C.d.L.; Arrigoni-Blank, M.D.F. Essential Oils of Hyptis pectinata Chemotypes: Isolation, Binary Mixtures and Acute Toxicity on Leaf-Cutting Ants. Molecules 2017, 22, 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040621
Feitosa-Alcantara RB, Bacci L, Blank AF, Alves PB, Silva IMdA, Soares CA, Sampaio TS, Nogueira PCdL, Arrigoni-Blank MDF. Essential Oils of Hyptis pectinata Chemotypes: Isolation, Binary Mixtures and Acute Toxicity on Leaf-Cutting Ants. Molecules. 2017; 22(4):621. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040621
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeitosa-Alcantara, Rosana B., Leandro Bacci, Arie F. Blank, Péricles B. Alves, Indira Morgana de A. Silva, Caroline A. Soares, Taís S. Sampaio, Paulo Cesar de L. Nogueira, and Maria De Fátima Arrigoni-Blank. 2017. "Essential Oils of Hyptis pectinata Chemotypes: Isolation, Binary Mixtures and Acute Toxicity on Leaf-Cutting Ants" Molecules 22, no. 4: 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040621