Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Releasing Capacity of Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera Lam.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Extraction and Characterization of GSs and ITCs in Different Moringa Tissues
2.2. H2S Releasing Capacity of ITC Extracts from Different Moringa Tissues
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material and Chemicals
3.2. Extraction and Myrosinase Hydrolysis of GSs
3.3. Extraction of Total ITCs from Different Moringa Tissues
3.4. HPLC Method for Separation of GSs and ITCs
3.5. Identification of GSs and ITCs Using LC-MS2
3.6. Identification of Volatile Compounds from Different Moringa Tissues
3.7. H2S Releasing Capacity of Total ITCs from Moringa Samples Using Lead (II) Acetate Paper
3.8. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Not available. |
Peak No. | Retention Time (min) | Compounds | m/z [M − H]− | MS2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 9.5 | Rhamno-benzyl-GS | 570 | 424, 328, 291 |
2 | 18.1 | Ac-GS-isomer-I | 612 | 417, 370, 259 |
3 | 18.4 | Ac-GS-isomer-II | 612 | 416, 370, 259 |
Peak No. | Retention Time (min) | Compound | m/z [M + Na]+ | MS2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 33.7 | Rhamno-benzyl-ITC | 334 | 263, 228, 169, 129 |
2 | 34.5 | Ac-ITC isomer I | 376 | 359, 270, 211, 151 |
3 | 36.5 | Ac-ITC isomer II | 376 | 359, 270, 211 |
No. | Compound Name | RT (min) $ | LRI & | Identification | Different Moringa Tissues Peak Area (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seeds with Shell | Seed Kernels | Leaves | Stem | Root | |||||
1 | Undecane | 7.02 | 1053 | LRI, MS | 1.17 | 1.09 | 1.16 | 0.57 | 0.08 |
2 | Benzoic acid, 2,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]- | 8.81 | -- | LRI, MS | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.32 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
3 | Dodecane | 11.15 | 1200 | LRI, MS | 1.77 | 1.04 | 1.43 | 0.84 | 0.10 |
4 | Benzene,1,3-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)- | 12.56 | 1251 | LRI, MS | 1.47 | 1.30 | 1.44 | 0.75 | 0.09 |
5 | 4-Ethylundecane | 12.77 | 1259 | LRI, MS | 0.43 | 0.31 | 0.41 | 0.31 | 0.02 |
6 | Tridecane | 13.05 | 1269 | LRI, MS | 1.28 | 1.06 | 1.40 | 0.62 | 0.07 |
7 | Cyclopentasiloxane, dodeca methyl | 13.32 | -- | MS | 0.43 | 0.49 | 1.92 | 0.42 | 0.06 |
8 | 2,3,5,8-Tetramethyldecane | 14.34 | 1317 | LRI, MS | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.41 | 0.22 | 0.02 |
9 | m-Tolyl isothiocyanate | 16.38 | 1394 | LRI, MS | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 79.48 |
10 | Tetradecane | 16.53 | 1400 | LRI, MS | 0.93 | 0.80 | 1.03 | 0.81 | 2.05 |
11 | Cycloheptasiloxane, tetradeca methyl | 17.51 | -- | MS | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.05 |
12 | Pentadecane | 18.54 | 1480 | LRI, MS | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.10 | 0.51 | 0.13 |
13 | Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- | 19.62 | 1524 | LRI, MS | 2.62 | 2.28 | 2.68 | 4.21 | 0.79 |
14 | Hexadecane | 21.42 | 1599 | LRI, MS | 21.91 | 21.47 | 19.06 | 24.86 | 6.54 |
15 | Heptadecane | 23.41 | 1688 | LRI, MS | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0.44 | 0.09 |
16 | Octadecane | 25.82 | 1784 | LRI, MS | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.09 |
17 | Hexadecanal | 26.57 | 1836 | LRI, MS | 0.46 | 0.21 | 7.28 | 0.99 | 0.04 |
18 | Octadecanal | 27.09 | 1861 | LRI, MS | 0.17 | 0.20 | 1.33 | 0.24 | 0.02 |
19 | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol | 27.46 | 1880 | LRI, MS | 0.33 | 0.31 | 1.97 | 0.13 | 0.10 |
20 | Nonadecane | 27.78 | 1895 | LRI, MS | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.49 | 0.30 | 0.05 |
21 | Dibutyl phthalate | 29.36 | -- | MS | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.26 | 2.26 |
22 | Hexadecanoic acid | 29.45 | 1981 | LRI, MS | 4.04 | 3.32 | 13.62 | 5.34 | 1.00 |
23 | E-Phytol | 32.02 | 2136 | LRI, MS | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
24 | (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid | 32.62 | -- | MS | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.43 | 0.59 | 0.16 |
25 | Linolenic acid | 32.76 | -- | MS | 1.62 | 1.49 | 11.09 | 1.36 | 0.32 |
26 | Eicosanoic acid | 33.13 | 2269 | LRI, MS | 2.25 | 1.67 | 4.25 | 2.06 | 0.28 |
27 | Hexadecanamide | 33.57 | 2310 | LRI, MS | 7.39 | 9.92 | 3.28 | 4.67 | 0.64 |
28 | 9-Octadecenamide | 37.00 | 2493 | LRI, MS | 13.21 | 18.72 | 6.21 | 8.95 | 1.16 |
29 | Octadecanamide | 37.38 | 2519 | LRI, MS | 7.72 | 10.41 | 3.16 | 4.85 | 0.65 |
30 | Octadecanoic acid, phenylmethyl ester | 38.02 | -- | MS | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.12 |
31 | 1-Palmitoyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylsilyl | 38.19 | -- | MS | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
32 | Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | 38.83 | -- | MS | 0.72 | 0.28 | 0.47 | 21.50 | 2.42 |
33 | Heptacosane | 39.09 | 2677 | LRI, MS | 1.63 | 1.33 | 1.37 | 1.46 | 0.39 |
34 | Octacosane | 40.02 | 2798 | LRI, MS | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.12 | 0.50 | 0.04 |
35 | Nonacosane | 40.87 | 2911 | LRI, MS | 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.42 | 3.09 | 0.46 |
36 | 2-(2-Hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol | 41.00 | -- | MS | 23.17 | 17.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
37 | Dotriacontane | 44.17 | 3223 | LRI, MS | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.19 |
Ranking | Sample Name | Oil Yield (g/100 g Moringa Tissue) | ITCs Extract Yield (g/100 g Defatted Moringa Tissue) | ITCs Extract Yield (g/100 g Moringa Tissue) | AITC-E of Moringa ITC Extract (mmol AITC/g of ITC Extract) | AITC-E of Moringa Tissue (mmol AITC/100 g of Moringa Tissue) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Seed kernel | 37.28 | 10.18 | 6.56 | 1.56 ± 0.09 | 9.94 ± 0.58 |
2 | Seed with shell | 28.81 | 6.88 | 4.90 | 1.52 ± 0.03 | 7.49 ± 0.16 |
3 | Root | 2.43 | 3.66 | 3.57 | 1.21 ± 0.05 | 4.34 ± 0.17 |
4 | Leaves | 2.82 | 5.32 | 5.17 | 0.57 ± 0.03 | 2.96 ± 0.18 |
5 | Stem | 1.43 | 2.65 | 2.61 | 0.57 ± 0.04 | 1.49 ± 0.09 |
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Wang, X.; Liu, Y.; Liu, X.; Lin, Y.; Zheng, X.; Lu, Y. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Releasing Capacity of Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera Lam. Molecules 2018, 23, 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112809
Wang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Lin Y, Zheng X, Lu Y. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Releasing Capacity of Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera Lam. Molecules. 2018; 23(11):2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112809
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xiangshe, Yunjiao Liu, Xingdi Liu, Yi Lin, Xueqin Zheng, and Yuyun Lu. 2018. "Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Releasing Capacity of Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera Lam." Molecules 23, no. 11: 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112809