Search for Fibrous Aggregates Potentially Useful in Regenerative Medicine Formed under Physiological Conditions by Self-Assembling Short Peptides Containing Two Identical Aromatic Amino Acid Residues
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. General Information
3.2. Peptide Synthesis
Manual Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS)
3.3. Aggregation Studies
3.3.1. Spectroscopic Measurements with Congo Red
3.3.2. Spectroscopic Measurements with Thioflavin T
3.3.3. Peptide Analysis under Polarized Light
3.4. Surface Properties of Peptides
3.5. Stability and Biological Properties of Peptide Materials
3.5.1. Stability of Peptides under In Vitro Conditions
3.5.2. Cell Cytotoxicity Test
3.5.3. Cytotoxicity Test
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds 1–18 are available from the authors. |
Peptide | CR Assay | ThT Assay | Microscopic Examination, Morphology |
---|---|---|---|
H–PhePhe–OH (1) | + | + | + fibrous structure |
H–dPhedPhe–OH (1-ent) | + | + | + fibrous structure |
H–TrpTrp–OH (2) | + | + | + fibrous structure |
H–TyrTyr–OH (3) | +/− | + | +/− cluster of fibrous and amorphous structures |
H–dCysdPhedPhe–OH (4-ent) | + | + | + fibrous structure |
H–CysTrpTrp–OH (5) | + | + | + fibrous structure |
H–CysTyrTyr–OH (6) | + | + | + fibrous structure |
H–PhePheCys–OH (7) | +/− | +/− | +/− cluster of fibrous and amorphous structures |
H–dPhedPhedCys–OH (7-ent) | + | + | + fibrous structure |
H–TrpTrpCys–OH (8) | +/− | + | +/− sphere |
H–TyrTyrCy–OH (9) | + | + | + fibrous structure |
H–PheCysPhe–OH (10) | + | + | +/− cluster of fibrous and amorphous structures |
H–TrpCysTrp–OH (11) | + | + | +/− fibrous structure |
H–TyrCysTyr–OH (12) | − | − | − |
H–PhePheMet–OH (13) | + | + | + fibrous structure |
H–TrpTrpMet–OH (14) | +/− | +/− | +/− cluster of fibrous and amorphous structures |
H–TyrTyrMet–OH (15) | +/− | +/− | +/− cluster of fibrous and amorphous structures |
H–PheMetPhe–OH (16) | +/− | +/− | +/− cluster of fibrous and amorphous structures |
H–TrpMetTrp–OH (17) | +/− | − | − amorphous structures |
H–TyrMetTyr–OH (18) | +/− | +/− | +/− cluster of fibrous and amorphous structures |
Peptide | THETA (°) 1 |
---|---|
H–dPhedPhe–OH (1-ent) | 34.1 |
H–TrpTrp–OH (2) | 42.1 |
H–dCysdPhedPhe–OH (4-ent) | 39.2 |
H–CysTrpTrp–OH (5) | 46.8 |
H–CysTyrTyr–OH (6) | 14.3 |
H–dPhedPhedCys–OH (7-ent) | 40.1 |
H–TyrTyrCys–OH (9) | 11.2 |
H–TrpCysTrp–OH (11) | 49.3 |
H–PhePheMet–OH (13) | 27.5 |
H–TrpTrpMet–OH (14) | 20.2 |
H–TyrTyrMet–OH (15) | 11.6 |
H–TyrMetTyr–OH (18) | 12.7 |
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Fraczyk, J.; Lipinski, W.; Chaberska, A.; Wasko, J.; Rozniakowski, K.; Kaminski, Z.J.; Bogun, M.; Draczynski, Z.; Menaszek, E.; Stodolak-Zych, E.; et al. Search for Fibrous Aggregates Potentially Useful in Regenerative Medicine Formed under Physiological Conditions by Self-Assembling Short Peptides Containing Two Identical Aromatic Amino Acid Residues. Molecules 2018, 23, 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030568
Fraczyk J, Lipinski W, Chaberska A, Wasko J, Rozniakowski K, Kaminski ZJ, Bogun M, Draczynski Z, Menaszek E, Stodolak-Zych E, et al. Search for Fibrous Aggregates Potentially Useful in Regenerative Medicine Formed under Physiological Conditions by Self-Assembling Short Peptides Containing Two Identical Aromatic Amino Acid Residues. Molecules. 2018; 23(3):568. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030568
Chicago/Turabian StyleFraczyk, Justyna, Wojciech Lipinski, Agata Chaberska, Joanna Wasko, Kamil Rozniakowski, Zbigniew J. Kaminski, Maciej Bogun, Zbigniew Draczynski, Elzbieta Menaszek, Ewa Stodolak-Zych, and et al. 2018. "Search for Fibrous Aggregates Potentially Useful in Regenerative Medicine Formed under Physiological Conditions by Self-Assembling Short Peptides Containing Two Identical Aromatic Amino Acid Residues" Molecules 23, no. 3: 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030568