β-Asarone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Human Glioma U251 Cells via Suppression of HnRNP A2/B1-Mediated Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. β-Asarone Inhibited the Growth of U251 Cells
2.2. β-Asarone Induced Apoptosis of U251 Cells
2.3. β-Asarone Induced Cell Cycle Arrest of U251 Cells
2.4. Suppression of HnRNP A2/B1 Contributes to β-Asarone-Induced Apoptosis
2.5. β-Asarone Promoted the Splicing of Bcl-x via the Inhibition of HnRNP A2/B1
2.6. Cell Death Receptor Pathway and Mitochondrial Pathway Are Involved in the β-Asarone-Induced Apoptosis of U251 Cells
2.7. Suppression of HnRNP A2/B1 Contributes to β-Asarone-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest
2.8. β-Asarone Modulated the Expression of Cell Cycle Related Proteins in U251 Cells
2.9. β-Asarone Suppressed the Tumor Growth of U251 Xenografts in Nude Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Cell Viability Assay
4.4. Trypan Blue Dye Exclusion Test
4.5. Colony Formation Assay
4.6. Cell Apoptosis Analyzed by Flow Cytometry
4.7. Hoechst 33342 Staining
4.8. Western Blotting Analysis
4.9. Cell Cycle Distribution Analyzed by Flow Cytometry
4.10. Plasmids and Transient Transfection
4.11. Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR Detection
4.12. Nude Mouse Xenograft Model
4.13. Terminal Dexynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) Assay
4.14. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
hnRNPs | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins |
BBB | blood–brain barrier |
SRB | Sulforhodamine B |
DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
TUNEL | Terminal Dexynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling |
C-Caspase 8 | Cleaved-Caspase 8 |
C-BID | Cleaved-BID |
C-Caspase 3 | Cleaved-Caspase 3 |
CDKs | cyclin-dependent kinases |
CKIs | cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors |
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Sample Availability: The compound β-asarone is available from the authors. |
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Li, L.; Yang, Y.; Wu, M.; Yu, Z.; Wang, C.; Dou, G.; He, H.; Wang, H.; Yang, N.; Qi, H.; et al. β-Asarone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Human Glioma U251 Cells via Suppression of HnRNP A2/B1-Mediated Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2018, 23, 1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051072
Li L, Yang Y, Wu M, Yu Z, Wang C, Dou G, He H, Wang H, Yang N, Qi H, et al. β-Asarone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Human Glioma U251 Cells via Suppression of HnRNP A2/B1-Mediated Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules. 2018; 23(5):1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051072
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Li, Yi Yang, Mingxia Wu, Zanyang Yu, Chengqiang Wang, Guojun Dou, Hui He, Hongmei Wang, Na Yang, Hongyi Qi, and et al. 2018. "β-Asarone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Human Glioma U251 Cells via Suppression of HnRNP A2/B1-Mediated Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo" Molecules 23, no. 5: 1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051072
APA StyleLi, L., Yang, Y., Wu, M., Yu, Z., Wang, C., Dou, G., He, H., Wang, H., Yang, N., Qi, H., & Xu, X. (2018). β-Asarone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Human Glioma U251 Cells via Suppression of HnRNP A2/B1-Mediated Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules, 23(5), 1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051072