Pomelo Peel Modified with Citrate as a Sustainable Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. FTIR Analysis
2.2. SEM Observations
2.3. Comparison of MB Adsorption on PPL and MPPL
2.4. Effect of Initial Concentration on MB Adsorption
2.5. Effect of Contact Time on MB Adsorption
2.6. Effect of Initial pH on MB Adsorption
2.7. Adsorption Kinetics
2.8. Adsorption Isotherms
2.9. Thermodynamic Study
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of Adsorbents
3.3. Characterization
3.4. Batch Experiments
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the modified pomelo peels are available from the authors. |
Adsorbent | Dose (mg) | MB Concentration (g/L) | Solution Volume (mL) | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PPL | 10 | 50 | 50 | 81.71 |
MPPL | 10 | 50 | 50 | 199.29 |
Temperature (K) | 303 | 314 | 324.5 |
---|---|---|---|
qe experimental (mg/g) | 78.45 | 76.50 | 73.76 |
pseudo-first-order model | |||
k1 (1/min) | 0.029 | 0.016 | 0.009 |
qe calculated (mg/g) | 1.64 | 2.31 | 2.36 |
R2 | 0.9747 | 0.9913 | 0.9255 |
pseudo-second-order model | |||
k2 (mg/(g•min)) | 0.014 | 0.019 | 0.018 |
qe calculated (mg/g) | 78.74 | 76.34 | 74.07 |
R2 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 |
Isotherms | Langmuir Model | Freundlich Model | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | qm | R2 | RL | kf | 1/n | R2 | |
Parameters | 0.066 | 104.17 | 0.998 | 0.233 | 3.289 | 1.708 | 0.990 |
ΔH° (kJ mol−1) | ΔS° (J mol−1K−1) | ΔG° (kJ mol−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
303 K | 314 K | 324.5 K | ||
−27.91 | −64.70 | −8.30 | −7.59 | −6.91 |
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Ren, Y.; Cui, C.; Wang, P. Pomelo Peel Modified with Citrate as a Sustainable Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution. Molecules 2018, 23, 1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061342
Ren Y, Cui C, Wang P. Pomelo Peel Modified with Citrate as a Sustainable Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution. Molecules. 2018; 23(6):1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061342
Chicago/Turabian StyleRen, Yimei, Chang Cui, and Pengjie Wang. 2018. "Pomelo Peel Modified with Citrate as a Sustainable Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution" Molecules 23, no. 6: 1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061342