Spiroindolone Analogues as Potential Hypoglycemic with Dual Inhibitory Activity on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
Synthesis of Compounds 5a–r
3. Discussion
3.1. In Vitro Biological Activity Evaluation
3.2. Docking Study
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. General Information
4.2. General Procedure for the Synthesis of Chalcones 2a–f (GP1)
4.3. General Procedure for the Synthesis of Compounds 5a–r (GP2)
4.4. Protocols for the α-Glucosidase Inhibition and α-Amylase Assays
4.4.1. Reagents
4.4.2. α-Glucosidase Inhibition Assay
4.4.3. α-Amylase Assay
4.4.4. Calculation of Inhibition Efficiency
4.5. Docking Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds 5a–r are available from the authors. |
# | Compound | α-Amylase | α-Glucosidase | α-Amylase Selectivity b | α-Glucosidase Selectivity c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IC50 (μM ± SD) a | |||||
1 | 5a | 693.22 ± 0.10 | 465.12 ± 0.12 | 0.67 | 1.49 |
2 | 5b | 747.08 ± 0.34 | 545.01 ± 1.09 | 0.72 | 1.37 |
3 | 5c | 718.00 ± 0.27 | 585.11 ± 0.02 | 0.81 | 1.22 |
4 | 5d | 728.13 ± 0.28 | 549.17 ± 1.06 | 0.75 | 1.32 |
5 | 5e | 710.07 ± 0.10 | 554.12 ± 1.42 | 0.78 | 1.28 |
6 | 5f | 670.14 ± 0.10 | 534.04 ± 1.09 | 0.79 | 1.25 |
7 | 5g | 690.09 ± 0.06 | 554.12 ± 1.42 | 0.80 | 1.24 |
8 | 5h | 589.04 ± 0.25 | 494.10 ± 0.04 | 0.83 | 1.19 |
9 | 5i | 779.08 ± 0.51 | 684.12 ± 0.35 | 0.87 | 1.13 |
10 | 5j | 39.02 ± 1.73 | 29.20 ± 0.33 | 0.74 | 1.33 |
11 | 5k | 49.28 ± 1.09 | 39.10 ± 0.54 | 0.79 | 1.26 |
12 | 5l | 558.07 ± 0.18 | 414.12 ± 0.52 | 0.74 | 1.37 |
13 | 5m | 95.26 ± 0.27 | 69.11 ± 0.34 | 0.72 | 1.37 |
14 | 5n | 185.23 ± 1.06 | 98.23 ± 1.24 | 0.53 | 1.88 |
15 | 5o | 115.42 ± 0.07 | 68.18 ± 1.54 | 0.59 | 1.69 |
16 | 5p | 488.02 ± 1.11 | 392.13 ± 1.07 | 0.80 | 1.24 |
17 | 5q | 37.22 ± 1.49 | 26.29 ± 0.45 | 0.70 | 1.41 |
18 | 5r | 22.61 ± 0.54 | 14.05 ± 1.03 | 0.62 | 1.60 |
STD | Acarbose (μM) | 0.75 + 0.07 | 2.35 + 0.13 | 3.13 | 0.31 |
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Altowyan, M.S.; Barakat, A.; Al-Majid, A.M.; Al-Ghulikah, H.A. Spiroindolone Analogues as Potential Hypoglycemic with Dual Inhibitory Activity on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase. Molecules 2019, 24, 2342. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122342
Altowyan MS, Barakat A, Al-Majid AM, Al-Ghulikah HA. Spiroindolone Analogues as Potential Hypoglycemic with Dual Inhibitory Activity on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase. Molecules. 2019; 24(12):2342. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122342
Chicago/Turabian StyleAltowyan, Mezna Saleh, Assem Barakat, Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid, and H.A. Al-Ghulikah. 2019. "Spiroindolone Analogues as Potential Hypoglycemic with Dual Inhibitory Activity on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase" Molecules 24, no. 12: 2342. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122342