Effect of Potassium Sorbate and Ultrasonic Treatment on the Properties of Fish Scale Collagen/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. SEM
2.2. Transparency and Color of the Films
2.3. Mechanical Properties
2.4. FTIR Analysis
2.5. WVTR
2.6. Antibacterial Testing
2.7. Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment Film Forming Solution on the Performance of the Composite Film
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of KS-Col-PVA Composite Films
3.3. Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM)
3.4. Transparency and Color of Composite Films
3.5. Mechanical Properties
3.6. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis
3.7. Water Vapor Transmission Rate and Water Solubility
3.8. Antibacterial Tests
3.9. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Sample | AT (mm) | MC (%) | TS (MPa) | EAB (%) | T (%) | Color | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L* | a* | b* | ΔE | ||||||
PVA | 60.33 ± 2.52a | 5.9 ± 0.19a | 17.4 ± 0.9a | 14.35 ± 1.11a | 90.87 ± 0.50a | 85.28 ± 0.16a | 2.29 ± 0.17a | 3.74 ± 1.32a | 1.61 ± 0.16a |
Col-PVA | 57.88 ± 3.79b | 16.1 ± 2.10b | 10.9 ± 1.2b | 4.35 ± 0.58b | 85.73 ± 2.29b | 83.38 ± 0.39b | 2.26 ± 0.15a | 7.39 ± 2.61b | 2.50 ± 0.16b |
3%KS | 59.67 ± 5.29a | 23.3 ± 2.98c | 6.8 ± 0.5c | 5.28 ± 0.43c | 88.70 ± 1.23a | 84.12 ± 0.16a | 2.28 ± 0.13a | 8.67 ± 3.06b | 2.67 ± 0.09b |
6%KS | 64.33 ± 4.16c | 17.9 ± 2.22b | 4.8 ± 0.6d | 5.43 ± 0.55c | 87.57 ± 0.95b | 82.52 ± 1.40b | 2.32 ± 0.19a | 9.68 ± 3.42b | 3.00 ± 0.78c |
9%KS | 60.00 ± 2.31a | 15.3 ± 1.78b | 3.3 ± 0.5d | 5.77 ± 0.51c | 87.80 ± 1.21b | 84.08 ± 0.19a | 2.26 ± 0.15a | 11.71 ± 4.14c | 2.78 ± 0.12b |
12%KS | 57.33 ± 3.06b | 15.2 ± 1.46b | 3.5 ± 0.8d | 5.49 ± 0.39c | 88.93 ± 0.45a | 84.64 ± 0.10a | 2.28 + 0.17a | 13.15 ± 4.65c | 2.98 ± 0.03c |
Sample. | AT (mm) | MC (%) | TS (MPa) | EAB (%) | T (%) | Color | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L* | a* | b* | △E | ||||||
9%-0 | 60.00 ± 2.31a | 15.3 ± 1.78a | 3.3 ± 0.5d | 5.77 ± 0.51c | 87.80 ± 1.21b | 84.08 ± 0.19a | 2.26 ± 0.15a | 11.71 ± 4.14a | 2.78 ± 0.12a |
9%-15 | 57.07 ± 3.61b | 16.7 ± 1.32a | 4.5 ± 0.33b | 14.48 ± 0.92a | 88.03 ± 0.25a | 83.89 ± 0.10a | 2.20 ± 0.10b | 15.66 ± 5.54b | 3.12 ± 0.29b |
9%-30 | 58.67 ± 1.15b | 14.2 ± 1.92a | 5.0 ± 0.52c | 13.85 ± 0.82a | 88.00 ± 0.72a | 82.86 ± 0.77b | 2.30 ± 0.18c | 17.53 ± 6.20c | 3.21 ± 0.28b |
9%-45 | 59.33 ± 2.65a | 13.6 ± 0.98b | 5.9 ± 0.10a | 13.13 ± 0.94a | 86.83 ± 0.40a | 82.80 ± 1.11b | 2.24 ± 0.19a | 18.53 ± 6.55c | 2.78 ± 0.08a |
9%-60 | 57.41 ± 3.46b | 14.8 ± 0.87a | 3.4 ± 0.21a | 13.02 ± 0.88a | 86.85 ± 0.21a | 84.25 ± 0.14a | 2.20 ± 0.10b | 21.11 ± 6.46d | 2.93 ± 0.13a |
Sample | KS (g) | Col (g) | PVA (g) | Gly (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pure-PVA | 0 | 0 | 4.8 | 2 |
Col | 0 | 4.8 | 0 | 2 |
Col-PVA | 0 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2 |
3%KS-Col-PVA | 0.162 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2 |
6%KS-Col-PVA | 0.324 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2 |
9%KS-Col-PVA | 0.486 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2 |
12%KS-Col-PVA | 0.648 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2 |
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Liang, X.; Feng, S.; Ahmed, S.; Qin, W.; Liu, Y. Effect of Potassium Sorbate and Ultrasonic Treatment on the Properties of Fish Scale Collagen/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film. Molecules 2019, 24, 2363. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132363
Liang X, Feng S, Ahmed S, Qin W, Liu Y. Effect of Potassium Sorbate and Ultrasonic Treatment on the Properties of Fish Scale Collagen/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film. Molecules. 2019; 24(13):2363. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132363
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Xue, Shiyi Feng, Saeed Ahmed, Wen Qin, and Yaowen Liu. 2019. "Effect of Potassium Sorbate and Ultrasonic Treatment on the Properties of Fish Scale Collagen/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film" Molecules 24, no. 13: 2363. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132363