Distribution Pattern, Emission Characteristics and Environmental Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Download Ash and Dust from Iron and Steel Enterprise
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Particle Size Distribution of Download Ashes in Different Production Processes
2.2. Characteristics and Level of PAHs Pollution in Download Ash from Different Processes
2.3. Concentration Distribution of PAHs in Dust Emission from Different Processes
2.4. Environmental Impact of PAHs in the Surrounding Air of the Steel Plant
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data and Sample Collection
3.2. Pretreatment and Determination of Samples
3.3. Quality Control
3.4. Particle Size Analysis Method
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors. |
Diameter | Sinter Tank | Coking | Taphole of Ironmaking | Steelmaking Refining |
---|---|---|---|---|
0–2.5 μm | 22.57 | 10.48 | 29.86 | 72.62 |
2.5–10 μm | 15.70 | 12.71 | 23.06 | 27.38 |
10–100 μm | 40.76 | 68.18 | 38.38 | 0 |
100–300 μm | 20.97 | 7.63 | 8.70 | 0 |
Coking | Ironmaking | Steelmaking | |
---|---|---|---|
NaP | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.03 | N.D. |
Ace | 0.43 ± 0.05 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | N.D. |
Acy | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | N.D. |
Flu | 1.43 ± 0.12 | 0.66 ± 0.06 | N.D. |
Phe | 6.34 ± 0.05 | 2.68 ± 0.21 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
Ant | 2.03 ± 0.17 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
Flua | 7.58 ± 0.68 | 1.40 ± 0.12 | 0.08 ± 0.03 |
Pyr | 5.41 ± 0.65 | 0.49 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.02 |
BaA | 5.63 ± 0.62 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
Chry | 6.21 ± 0.75 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.02 |
BbF | 9.80 ± 0.83 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
BkF | 9.80 ± 1.17 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.02 |
BaP | 4.80 ± 0.42 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
IcdP | 3.10 ± 0.40 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
DahA | 1.75 ± 0.21 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
BghiP | 4.67 ± 0.42 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
∑16PAHs | 69.63 ± 5.57 | 6.49 ± 0.62 | 0.49 ± 0.06 |
BaP/∑16PAHs (%) | 6.89 ± 0.61 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.99 ± 0.09 |
Sintering | Coking | Ironmaking | Steelmaking | ∑PAHs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NaP | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
Ace | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
Acy | 0.006 ± 0.001 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 0.006 |
Flu | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
Phe | 0.148 ± 0.155 | 0.603 ± 0.054 | 0.149 ± 0.042 | 0.065 ± 0.008 | 0.966 ± 0.077 |
Ant | 0.083 ± 0.010 | 0.280 ± 0.031 | 0.054 ± 0.007 | 0.047 ± 0.005 | 0.465 ± 0.042 |
Flua | 0.137 ± 0.018 | 0.503 ± 0.040 | 0.111 ± 0.009 | 0.099 ± 0.008 | 0.852 ± 0.094 |
Pyr | 0.263 ± 0.034 | 0.963 ± 0.125 | 0.166 ± 0.023 | 0.168 ± 0.022 | 1.561 ± 0.142 |
BaA | 0.622 ± 0.055 | 2.472 ± 0.222 | 0.366 ± 0.029 | 0.428 ± 0.048 | 3.889 ± 0.311 |
Chry | 0.451 ± 0.059 | 1.869 ± 0.241 | 0.260 ± 0.032 | 0.286 ± 0.022 | 2.868 ± 0.261 |
BbF | 0.407 ± 0.036 | 2.482 ± 0.298 | 0.289 ± 0.023 | 0.280 ± 0.029 | 3.460 ± 0.311 |
BkF | 0.407 ± 0.053 | 2.483 ± 0.276 | 0.289 ± 0.038 | 0.281 ± 0.023 | 3.462 ± 0.318 |
BaP | 0.390 ± 0.046 | 1.742 ± 0.156 | 0.240 ± 0.032 | 0.258 ± 0.033 | 2.631 ± 0.292 |
IcdP | 0.556 ± 0.072 | 2.244 ± 0.179 | 0.332 ± 0.049 | 0.356 ± 0.004 | 3.489 ± 0.314 |
DahA | 0.495 ± 0.058 | 1.701 ± 0.189 | 0.283 ± 0.022 | 0.317 ± 0.042 | 2.797 ± 0.223 |
BghiP | 0.465 ± 0.051 | 2.081 ± 0.169 | 0.271 ± 0.030 | 0.287 ± 0.025 | 3.105 ± 0.292 |
∑16PAHs | 4.435 ± 0.355 | 19.429 ± 2.545 | 2.815 ± 0.253 | 2.876 ± 0.377 | 29.556 ± 3.281 |
BaP/∑16PAHs (%) | 8.81 ± 1.13 | 8.97 ± 0.83 | 8.53 ± 0.68 | 8.97 ± 1.15 | 8.90 ± 0.71 |
Serial Number | Name | Abbreviations | Number of Benzene Ring | Limit of Detection (μg/mL) | Limit of Quantification (μg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | naphthalene | NaP | 2 | 0.002 | 0.005 |
2 | acenaphthene | Ace | 3 | 0.004 | 0.010 |
3 | acenaphthylene | Acy | 3 | 0.005 | 0.012 |
4 | fluorine | Flu | 3 | 0.005 | 0.013 |
5 | phenanthrene | Phe | 3 | 0.003 | 0.008 |
6 | anthracene | Ant | 3 | 0.004 | 0.011 |
7 | fluoranthene | Flua | 4 | 0.007 | 0.124 |
8 | pyrene | Pyr | 4 | 0.004 | 0.013 |
9 | benzo[a]anthracene | BaA | 4 | 0.002 | 0.007 |
10 | chrysene | Chry | 4 | 0.007 | 0.013 |
11 | benzo[b]fluoranthene | BbF | 5 | 0.003 | 0.006 |
12 | benzo[k]fluoranthene | BkF | 5 | 0.004 | 0.013 |
13 | benzo[a]pyrene | BaP | 5 | 0.004 | 0.007 |
14 | indeno[1,2,3-cd] pyrene | IcdP | 6 | 0.005 | 0.015 |
15 | dibenz[ah]anthracene | DahA | 5 | 0.006 | 0.013 |
16 | benzo[ghi]perylene | BghiP | 6 | 0.004 | 0.013 |
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Sun, Y.; Chen, C.; Ding, C.; Liu, G.; Zhang, G. Distribution Pattern, Emission Characteristics and Environmental Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Download Ash and Dust from Iron and Steel Enterprise. Molecules 2019, 24, 3646. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203646
Sun Y, Chen C, Ding C, Liu G, Zhang G. Distribution Pattern, Emission Characteristics and Environmental Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Download Ash and Dust from Iron and Steel Enterprise. Molecules. 2019; 24(20):3646. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203646
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Youmin, Chunzhu Chen, Chun Ding, Guanghui Liu, and Guiqin Zhang. 2019. "Distribution Pattern, Emission Characteristics and Environmental Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Download Ash and Dust from Iron and Steel Enterprise" Molecules 24, no. 20: 3646. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203646