Aromatic vs. Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polyphosphoesters as Flame Retardants in Epoxy Resins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Thermal Characterization of FRs
2.2. Pyrolysis: Thermal Decomposition via Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.3. Pyrolysis: Evolved Gas Analysis via TGA-FTIR
2.4. Thermal Characterization of FRs in Epoxy Resins
2.5. Pyrolysis: Evolved-Gas Analysis via TGA/TGA-FTIR
2.6. Pyrolysis: Condensed Phase Analysis via Hot-Stage FTIR
2.7. Fire Behavior: Cone Calorimeter
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Instrumentation and Characterization Techniques
3.2.1. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)
3.2.2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
3.2.3. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS)
3.2.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
3.2.5. TGA-FTIR
3.2.6. Hot Stage FTIR
3.2.7. Cone Calorimeter
3.3. Synthetic Procedures
3.3.1. Synthesis of the 4-Vinylphenol
3.3.2. Synthesis of the Tris(p-vinylphenyl)phosphate (1)
3.3.3. ATMET Polymerization to Poly(1)
3.3.4. Tri(hex-5-en-1-yl)phosphate (2)
3.3.5. Poly(tri(hex-5-en-1-yl)phosphate) (poly-2) by ATMET Polymerization
3.3.6. Epoxy Resins
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Markwart, J.C.; Battig, A.; Velencoso, M.M.; Pollok, D.; Schartel, B.; Wurm, F.R. Aromatic vs. Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polyphosphoesters as Flame Retardants in Epoxy Resins. Molecules 2019, 24, 3901. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213901
Markwart JC, Battig A, Velencoso MM, Pollok D, Schartel B, Wurm FR. Aromatic vs. Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polyphosphoesters as Flame Retardants in Epoxy Resins. Molecules. 2019; 24(21):3901. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213901
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarkwart, Jens C., Alexander Battig, Maria M. Velencoso, Dennis Pollok, Bernhard Schartel, and Frederik R. Wurm. 2019. "Aromatic vs. Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polyphosphoesters as Flame Retardants in Epoxy Resins" Molecules 24, no. 21: 3901. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213901
APA StyleMarkwart, J. C., Battig, A., Velencoso, M. M., Pollok, D., Schartel, B., & Wurm, F. R. (2019). Aromatic vs. Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polyphosphoesters as Flame Retardants in Epoxy Resins. Molecules, 24(21), 3901. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213901