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Article

Simultaneous Determination and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Artemisia capillaris Thunb. by UPLC-MS/MS Together with Chemometrics

by
Li-Hua Chen
1,
Jun-Chi Wang
1,
Qi-Lei Guo
2,
Yue Qiao
1,
Hui-Juan Wang
1,
Yong-Hong Liao
1,
Di-An Sun
1 and
Jian-Yong Si
1,*
1
The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
2
Agilent Technologies Co. Ltd. (China), No.3, Wang Jing Bei Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100102, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2019, 24(6), 1077; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061077
Submission received: 13 February 2019 / Revised: 13 March 2019 / Accepted: 15 March 2019 / Published: 19 March 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Analytical Chemistry)
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Abstract

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are natural toxins found in some genera of the family Asteraceae. However, it has not been reported whether PAs are present in the widely used Asteraceae plant Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (A. capillaris). The purpose of this study was to establish a sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method together with chemometrics analysis for simultaneous determination and risk assessment of PAs in A. capillaris. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was validated and was confirmed to display desirable high selectivity, precision and accuracy. Risk assessment was conducted according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guideline. Chemometrics analysis was performed with hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis to characterize the differences between PAs of A. capillaris. Finally, PAs were found in 29 out of 30 samples and at least two were detected in each sample, besides, more than half of the samples exceeded the EMA baseline. Nevertheless, the chemometrics results suggested that the PAs contents of A. capillaris from different sources varied significantly. The method was successfully applied to the detection and risk evaluation of PAs-containing A. capillaris for the first time. This study should provide a meaningful reference for the rational and safe use of A. capillaris.
Keywords: pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Artemisia capillaris Thunb.; UPLC-MS/MS; PCX solid-phase extraction; risk assessment; chemometrics pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Artemisia capillaris Thunb.; UPLC-MS/MS; PCX solid-phase extraction; risk assessment; chemometrics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, L.-H.; Wang, J.-C.; Guo, Q.-L.; Qiao, Y.; Wang, H.-J.; Liao, Y.-H.; Sun, D.-A.; Si, J.-Y. Simultaneous Determination and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Artemisia capillaris Thunb. by UPLC-MS/MS Together with Chemometrics. Molecules 2019, 24, 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061077

AMA Style

Chen L-H, Wang J-C, Guo Q-L, Qiao Y, Wang H-J, Liao Y-H, Sun D-A, Si J-Y. Simultaneous Determination and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Artemisia capillaris Thunb. by UPLC-MS/MS Together with Chemometrics. Molecules. 2019; 24(6):1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061077

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Li-Hua, Jun-Chi Wang, Qi-Lei Guo, Yue Qiao, Hui-Juan Wang, Yong-Hong Liao, Di-An Sun, and Jian-Yong Si. 2019. "Simultaneous Determination and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Artemisia capillaris Thunb. by UPLC-MS/MS Together with Chemometrics" Molecules 24, no. 6: 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061077

APA Style

Chen, L.-H., Wang, J.-C., Guo, Q.-L., Qiao, Y., Wang, H.-J., Liao, Y.-H., Sun, D.-A., & Si, J.-Y. (2019). Simultaneous Determination and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Artemisia capillaris Thunb. by UPLC-MS/MS Together with Chemometrics. Molecules, 24(6), 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061077

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