The Physical Vapor Transport Method for Bulk AlN Crystal Growth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanism
3. Different PVT Methods
3.1. Selected Growth at Conical Zone
3.2. Separate Freestanding Growth on Perforated Sheet
3.3. Inverse Temperature-Gradient Growth on Crucible Lid
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Method Comparison
4.2. Characterization
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds (AlN) are available from the authors. |
Method | Selected Growth | Separate Freestanding Growth | Inverse Temperature-Gradient Growth |
---|---|---|---|
Crucible material | W | TaC | W |
Nucleation position | Conical tip | Perforated sheet | Planar crucible lid |
Key element | Nucleation site | Supersaturation | Temperature gradient |
Advantages | Conical zone for dominant growth | Low nucleation rate, N-polar growth | Single dominant growth, relative low cost |
Disadvantages | Complicated process | Carbon contamination, high manufacturing cost | High requirement of thermometry |
Phonon Symmetry | Raman Phonon Energy (cm−1) for (002) Facet a | Raman Phonon Energy (cm−1) for (100) Facet a | Raman Phonon Energy (cm−1) b | Raman Phonon Energy (cm−1) c |
---|---|---|---|---|
E2(low) | 239 | 239 | 249 | 249 |
A1(TO) | 610 | 610 | 611 | 610 |
E2(high) | 658 | 658 | 657 | 656 |
E1(TO) | - | 670 | 671 | 669 |
A1(LO) | 892 | - | 890 | 891 |
E1(LO) | - | 914 | 912 | 912 |
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Chen, W.-H.; Qin, Z.-Y.; Tian, X.-Y.; Zhong, X.-H.; Sun, Z.-H.; Li, B.-K.; Zheng, R.-S.; Guo, Y.; Wu, H.-L. The Physical Vapor Transport Method for Bulk AlN Crystal Growth. Molecules 2019, 24, 1562. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081562
Chen W-H, Qin Z-Y, Tian X-Y, Zhong X-H, Sun Z-H, Li B-K, Zheng R-S, Guo Y, Wu H-L. The Physical Vapor Transport Method for Bulk AlN Crystal Growth. Molecules. 2019; 24(8):1562. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081562
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Wen-Hao, Zuo-Yan Qin, Xu-Yong Tian, Xu-Hui Zhong, Zhen-Hua Sun, Bai-Kui Li, Rui-Sheng Zheng, Yuan Guo, and Hong-Lei Wu. 2019. "The Physical Vapor Transport Method for Bulk AlN Crystal Growth" Molecules 24, no. 8: 1562. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081562