Comparison of the Polyphenolic Profile of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. Sprouts in Different Germination Stages Using the UHPLC-Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussions
2.1. Identification of Phenolic Compounds in Alfalfa and Red Clover Sprouts
2.2. Quantification Result
2.3. Multivariate Data Analysis
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Reagents
3.2. Stock Solutions
3.3. Plant Samples – Germination
3.4. Extraction
3.5. Instrumentation
3.5.1. LC Parameters
3.5.2. MS Parameters and Data Processing
3.5.3. Quantification Method Validation
3.5.4. Multivariate Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Compound Name | R.T. (min) | Formula | Exact Mass | Error (ppm) | Adduct Ion (m/z) | MS 2 Fragments (m/z) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavonoids (flavan-3-ols, flavone, flavonols, flavonone, flavone glucoside) | ||||||
Catechin | 7.8 | C15H14O6 | 290.07904 | 1.47 | 289.07176 | 245.08192; 203.07088; 151.03908; 125.02320; 109.02821 |
Epicatechin | 10.19 | C15H14O6 | 290.07904 | 1.25 | 289.07176 | 245.08192; 203.07088; 151.03908; 109.02821 |
Quercitin | 16.59 | C15H10O7 | 302.04265 | 0.86 | 301.0354 | 245.04601; 178.99809; 273.04059; 121.02814 |
Rutin (quercetin3-rutinoside) | 14.20 | C27H30O16 | 610.15338 | 0.5 | 609.14613 | 300.02777; 271.02505; 255.02995; 243.02980; 165.01841;151.00258 |
Apigenin | 17.54 | C15H10O5 | 270.05282 | 1.18 | 269.04502 | 227.03389; 181.06430; 151, 00194; 149.002266; 117.03271 |
Kaempferol | 17.06 | C15H10O6 | 286.04774 | 0.57 | 285.04049 | 255.02977; 201.01866; 151.00262; 107.01250; 92.9266 |
Isorhamnetin | 13.20 | C16H12O7 | 316.0583 | 1.35 | 315.05105 | 300.0271; 227.03508; 163.00369; 151.00264; 107.01190; |
Naringenin | 19.69 | C15H12O5 | 272.06847 | 0.5 | 271.06122 | 253.05055; 151.00269; 119.04903; 107.01258 |
Naringin | 14.11 | C27H32O14 | 580.1792 | 2.02 | 579.17185 | 356.99371; 255.02995; 119.04884 |
Hesperitin | 16.83 | C16H14O6 | 302.07904 | 1.34 | 301.07179 | 283.06204; 267.06650; 252.04286; 151.00266; 125.02319 |
Pinostrobin | 17.40 | C16H14O4 | 270.08921 | 1.89 | 269.08196 | 254.05864; 210.06839; 177.05495; 148.01559 |
Pinocembrin | 18.24 | C15H12O4 | 256.07356 | 1.04 | 255.06631 | 239.0713; 237.0557; 227.0713; 179.0349; 147.0451 |
Chrysin | 17.63 | C15H10O4 | 254.05791 | 1.65 | 253.05066 | 208.96011; 151.03899; 107.04897; 89.04897; 65.03819 |
Myricetin | 10.42 | C15H10O8 | 318.03757 | 1.37 | 317.03032 | 178.9986; 164.92636; 151.00368; 137.02442; 107.01258 |
Galangin | 19.98 | C15H10O5 | 270.05282 | 1.48 | 269.04557 | 239.03345; 227.03389; 225.05580; 211.03877; 169.06425 |
Hyperoside (quercetin 3-galactoside) | 13.98 | C21H20O12 | 464.09548 | 1.03 | 463.08768 | 300.02771; 355.02985; 271.02491; 243.02969; 178.99773; 151.00262 |
Isoflavone | ||||||
Genistin | 14.77 | C21H20O10 | 432.10565 | 1.45 | 431.09837 | 311.05637; 269.04590; 271.05133; 181.06580 |
Genistein | 18.07 | C15H10O5 | 270.05282 | 1.24 | 269.04502 | 159.04420; 133.02835; 201.05527; 181.06546; 107.01257 |
Daidzin | 11.42 | C21H20O9 | 416.11073 | 1.49 | 415.10348 | 252.0451; 251.0349; 224.0487; 223.0398 |
Daidzein | 16.50 | C15H10O4 | 254.05791 | 0.87 | 253.05066 | 226.05887; 224.04649; 209.06091; 197.06055; 135.00686; 117.03333 |
Ononin | 26.14 | C22H22O9 | 430.12638 | 2.06 | 429.11913 | 355.0969; 341.1109; 267.1028; 252.00778 |
Formononetin | 18.74 | C16H12O4 | 268.07356 | 1.19 | 267.06631 | 252.04298; 223.03986; 195.04466; 132.02049 |
Glycitein | 16.33 | C16H12O5 | 284.06847 | 1.18 | 283.06122 | 268.0375; 240.0483; 211.03979; 196.05252; 167.02063 |
Phenolic Acid | ||||||
Gallic Acid | 1.73 | C7H6O5 | 170.02152 | 0.16 | 169.01427 | 125.02318; 141.01823 |
Chlorogenic Acid | 8.20 | C16H18O9 | 354.09508 | 0.24 | 353.08783 | 192.05876; 191.05544; 173.04474; 127.03876; 85.02806 |
Caffeic Acid | 8.71 | C9H8O4 | 180.04226 | 0.37 | 179.03501 | 135.04390; 107.04881 |
Ferulic Acid | 14.98 | C10H10O4 | 194.05791 | 0.62 | 193.05066 | 178.02635; 149.05974; 134.03615; 106.0424 |
Ellagic Acid | 14.44 | C14H6O8 | 302.00627 | 1.62 | 300.99899 | 185.02349; 283.98961; 229.01391; 157.01006 |
Abscinic Acid | 15.73 | C15H20O4 | 264.13616 | 1.42 | 263.12891 | 263.12854; 219.13864; 204.11502; 153.09126; 136.05162 |
p-coumaric Acid | 10.77 | C9H8O3 | 164.04734 | 0.18 | 163.03954 | 211.0764; 135.00754; 119.0502; 17.0332; 116.0267 |
Syringic Acid | 15.38 | C9H10O5 | 198.05282 | 0.41 | 197.04555 | 182.02049; 123.00697; 166.99693 |
Compound Name | R.T. (min) | Formula | Exact Mass | Error (ppm) | Adduct Ion (m/z) | MS 2 Fragments (m/z) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
coumestrol | 18.22 | C15H8O5 | 268.03717 | 1.2 | 267.0299 | 266.0373; 239.0487; 211.04058; 167.10689 |
coumestrol 3-O-glucoside | 12.46 | C21H18O10 | 430.0900 | 1.5 | 429.08274 | 417.23584; 387.22531; 367.11652; 345.13385; 267.03012 |
biochanin A | 20.09 | C16H12O5 | 284.06847 | 1.27 | 283.06122 | 269.04132; 268.03809; 267.03015; 239.03487; 224.04756; 212.04695; 211.03928; 195.13850; 154.06250; 132.02031 |
Sissotrin (biochanin A7-O-β-dglucoside) | 22.02 | C22H22O10 | 446.1213 | 1.49 | 445.11404 | 269.04587; 283.06130; 268.03778; 166.92354; 131.94290 |
Prunetine (O-methyl genistein) | 18.11 | C22H12O5 | 284.06847 | 1.39 | 283.06122 | 269.04132; 268.03809; 267.03015; 240.04300; 239.03487;211.03928 |
5,7-dihydroxy-2′-methoxyflavone | 16.58 | C22H12O5 | 284.06847 | 1.39 | 283.06122 | 269.04584; 268.03799; 267.03015; 240.04300; 239.03473; 223.03952; 211.03963; 148.01559 |
calycosin (3′-hydroxy-formononetin) | 17.52 | C16H12O5 | 284.06847 | 1.68 | 283.06122 | 269.06122; 268.03784; 225.0554; 226.03493; 151.00259; 157.08203; 117.03323; 107.01257 |
irilone | 17.21 | C16H10O6 | 298.04774 | 0.96 | 297.04049 | 269.04590; 252.04297; 178.9951; 133.02837 |
baptigenin | 11.74 | C15H10O6 | 286.04774 | 1.44 | 285.04046 | 269.04565; 240.04242; 136.01556; 109.0282 |
pseudobaptigenin | 21.29 | C16H10O5 | 282.05282 | 1.36 | 281.04557 | 253.05089; 254.05385; 255.14954; 223.02847; 224.04770 |
pratensein | 19.70 | C16H12O6 | 300.06339 | 0.96 | 299.05614 | 284.03284; 283.02505; 257.04111; 135.00754; 211.03932 |
afrormosin | 18.38 | C17H14O5 | 298.08412 | 1.34 | 297.07687 | 282.05362; 283.06802; 267.03021; 253.04797; 167.04965 |
tectorigenin | 18.20 | C16H12O6 | 300.06339 | 1.41 | 299.05611 | 284.03293; 255.03006; 227.03448 |
alfalone | 14.80 | C17H14O5 | 298.08412 | 1.06 | 297.07687 | 281.0450; 269.04120; 211.03958; 135.00395 |
irisolidone | 16.52 | C17H14O6 | 314.07904 | 1.44 | 313.07179 | 298.04849; 269.04581; 255.02989; 211.03957; 165.01836 |
medicarpin | 16.59 | C16H14O4 | 270.08921 | 1.48 | 269.08196 | 254.054408; 253.14426; 141.10812; 117.03334 |
liquiritigenin | 15.30 | C15H12O4 | 256.07356 | 1.23 | 255.06631 | 211.0764; 135.00761; 119.04889; 117.03323 |
isoliquiritigenin | 18.19 | C15H12O4 | 256.07356 | 1.04 | 255.06631 | 211.0764; 135.00760; 119.04889; 117.03323 |
kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside | 18.24 | C27H30O15 | 594.15847 | 1.3 | 593.15122 | 299.05615; 284.03281; 255.02997; 227.0341; 229.05032; 133.02834 |
kaempferol-O-glucoside | 13.62 | C21H20O11 | 448.10056 | 1.42 | 447.09331 | 284.04077; 284.03299; 255.02995; 243.02979 |
Isorhamnetin3-O-glucoside | 15.37 | C22H22O12 | 478.1111 | 1.43 | 477.10381 | 315.04871; 314.04370; 271.02518; 243.03003; 285.04083; 300.02777; 151.00262 |
ethyl gallate | 15.38 | C9H10O5 | 198.05282 | 0.42 | 197.04557 | 181.04961; 169.01326; 151.0031; 121.02814; 107.01214; 83.01234 |
Luteolin7-glucoside | 15.19 | C21H20O11 | 448.10056 | 1.59 | 447.09331 | 287.0359; 286.04431; 285.04077; 227.0359; 199.03964; 151.00264 |
vitexin (apigenin8-C-glucoside) | 14.79 | C21H20O10 | 432.10565 | 1.62 | 431.09839 | 341.05179; 339.14789; 269.04587; 240.04268; 225.05542; 197.06077 |
apigetrin (apigenin-7-glucoside) | 14.29 | C21H20O10 | 432.10565 | 1.78 | 431.09839 | 269.0478; 267.03009; 257.08200; 151.00267 |
chryosoeriol | 15.24 | C16H12O6 | 300.06339 | 1.29 | 299.05614 | 284.03284; 269.04572; 256.0357; 255.05562; 207.08704; 151.00266 |
chryosoeriol7-glucoside | 17.32 | C22H22O11 | 462.11621 | 1.78 | 461.10893 | 446.23111; 289.04852; 283.06140; 255.02997 |
tricin | 18.17 | C17H14O7 | 330.07395 | 0.68 | 329.06668 | 299.05634; 284.03290; 243.03044; 227.03470; 161.02370 |
azelaic acid | 15.11 | C9H16O4 | 188.10486 | 1.05 | 187.09761 | 169.08600; 143.10655; 125.09581; 123.08015; 97.06589 |
Ions | Biochanin A (20.09 min) | Calycosin (17.52 min) | Prunetine (18.11 min) | Glycitein (16.33min) | 5,7-dihydroxy-2′-methoxy- flavone (16.58 min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[M–H]− | 283.06 | 283.06 | 283.06 | 283.06 | 283.06 |
[M-H-CH3]− | 268.03 (97) | 268.03 (100) | 268.03 (100) | 268.03 (100) | 268.03 (100) |
[M-H-OH]− | 267.06 (10) | 267.06 (4) | 267.06 (11) | 267.06 (11) | 267.06 (18) |
[M-H-CO2]− | - | 239.07 (13) | 239.07 (6) | 239.07 (20) | 239.07 (35) |
[M-H-CO]− | 255.06 (25) | 255.06 (9) | 255.06 (42) | 255.06 (12) | 255.06 (56) |
[M-H-CH3-CO]− | 240.04 (5) | 240.04 (10) | 240.04(44) | 240.04 (29) | 240.04 (14) |
[M-H-CH3-CO2]− | 224.04 (22) | 224.04 (100) | 224.04 (10) | - | - |
[M-H-CH3-C2H2O]− | 226.04 (12) | 226.04 (10) | - | - | - |
[M-H-CH3-H-CO]− | 239.03 (10) | 239.03 (10) | 239.03 (17) | - | 239.03 (10) |
[M-H-CH3-H-CO2]− | 223.04 (16) | 223.04 (12) | - | - | - |
[M-H-CH3-2CO]− | 212.02 (59) | - | - | 212.02 (18) | - |
[M-H-CH3-CO-CO2] | - | - | 196.05 (15) | 196.05 (62) | |
[M-H-CH3-CO-H-CO2]− | 195.13 (17) | - | - | - | |
[M-H-CO-C-ring]− | - | 193.05 (18) | |||
[M-H-CH3-CO-H-CO]− | 211.03 (10) | - | 211.03 (6) | - | |
[M−H−CH3−CO−CO2−CO]− | - | - | - | 168 (12) | - |
[M-H-CO-B-ring]− | - | - | 167.03 (23) | 167.03 (23) | - |
[M-H-CH3-CO-B-ring]− | 147.04 (41) | 147.04 (27) | - | 147.04 (18) | 147.04 (48) |
[A-ring fragment]− | 135.08 (74) | - | - | - | - |
[B-ring fragment]− | 132.02 (48) | 132.02 (12) | - | - | - |
Ions | Tectorigenin (RT 18.20 min) | Chryosoeriol (RT 15.24 min) | Pratensein (RT 19.70 min) |
---|---|---|---|
[M−H]− | 299.05 | 299.05 | 299.05 |
[M-H-CH3]− | 284.03 (57) | 284.03 (21) | 284.03 (100) |
[M-H-CO]− | - | - | 271.06 (21) |
[M-H-CO-H]− | 270.05 (100) | - | - |
[M-H-CH3-OH]− | 267.02(13) | - | 267.02 (48) |
[M-CH3O]− | 269.04 (65) | 269.04 (100) | - |
[M-H-CH3-CO]− | 256.03 (5) | - | 256.03 (100) |
[M−H-CO2]− | 255.06(24) | 255.06 (15) | 255.06 (24) |
[M-H-C9H6O2]− | 153.01 (25) | - | - |
[M-H-CH3-CO-B-ring]− | 151.00 (31) | - | - |
[M-C9H9O3]− | 135.00 (34) | 135.00 (10) | - |
µg/g DW | ALF Seeds | ALF Day 1 | ALF Day 2 | ALF Day 3 | ALF Day 4 | ALF Day 5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | catechin | 2.16 ± 0.16 | 2.5 ± 0.18 | 5.89 ± 0.14 | 7.53 ± 0.51 | NF * | NF |
2 | caffeic acid | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF |
3 | myricetin | 117 ± 4.6 | 109.5 ± 6.05 | 113.8 ± 3.6 | 214 ± 5.6 | 62.2 ± 1.3 | 56.3 ± 2.45 |
4 | p-cumaric acid | 39.24 ± 2.5 | 30.18 ± 1.2 | 24.2 ± 0.8 | 23.2 ± 1.4 | 22.72 ± 0.9 | 15.2 ± 0.75 |
5 | syringic acid | 25.63 ± 1.04 | 4.48 ± 0.17 | 3.87 ± 0.22 | 3.88 ± 0.09 | 3.52 ± 0.16 | 2.8 ± 0.14 |
6 | genistin | 2.12 ± 0.06 | 6.15 ± 0.32 | 9.28 ± 0.45 | 4.8 ± 0.05 | 3.24 ± 0.15 | 1.04 ± 0.7 |
7 | chlorogenic acid | 2.24 ± 0.11 | 2.3 ± 0.12 | 2.36 ± 0.09 | 2.32 ± 0.06 | 2.32 ± 0.14 | 2.48 ± 0.07 |
8 | ferulic acid | 82.5 ± 4.2 | 63.9 ± 3.1 | 39.8 ± 2.04 | 43.03 ± 2.14 | 38.29 ± 1.54 | 50.10 ± 4.01 |
9 | hyperoside | 1209.2 ± 10.7 | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF |
10 | isohamnetin | 18.58 ± 0.85 | 26.12 ± 1.2 | 35.32 ± 1.62 | 36.12 ± 4.2 | 40.24 ± 2.87 | 15.24 ± 1.45 |
11 | rutin | 4.36 ± 0.28 | 3.85 ± 0.15 | 4.36 ± 0.32 | 6.96 ± 0.7 | 5.88 ± 0.14 | 3.92 ± 0.25 |
12 | gallic acid | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF |
13 | ellagic acid | 7.8 ± 0.55 | 8.2 ± 0.17 | 7.15 ± 0.48 | 7.8 ± 0.84 | 7.17 ± 0.12 | 6.90 ± 0.21 |
14 | formononetin | NF | NF | 2.04 ± 0.07 | 133.5±6.2 | 12.04±0.17 | 2.24±0.06 |
15 | pinocembrin | 0.52 ± 0.02 | 1.08 ± 0.04 | 2.48 ± 0.04 | 2.6 ± 0.02 | 2.68 ± 0.07 | 5.12 ± 0.11 |
16 | apigenin | 8.35 ± 0.67 | 10.29 ± 1.62 | 13.12 ± 0.31 | 26.57 ± 2.83 | 19.33 ± 1.63 | 33.43 ± 1.44 |
17 | pinstrobin | 1.52 ± 0.32 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.68 ± 0.7 | 1.76 ± 0.02 | 2.24 ± 0.014 | 6.92 ± 0.41 |
18 | kaempferol | 328 ± 9.2 | 162.14 ± 6.8 | 15.32 ± 1.87 | 9.2 ± 0.11 | 8.48 ± 0.15 | 6.72 ± 0.1 |
19 | hesperetin | 14.79 ± 1.02 | 26.74 ± 1.26 | 39.2 ± 1.42 | 366.91 ± 12.3 | 209.2 ± 11.8 | 75.9 ± 2.1 |
20 | genistein | NF | 20.15 ± 0.95 | 41.36 ± 1.12 | 105.8 ± 3.2 | 27.4 ± 1.05 | 10.96 ± 0.42 |
21 | naringenin | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 0.52 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.014 | 0.52 ± 0.011 |
22 | quercitin | 1108.64 ± 9.5 | 836.1 ± 9.9 | 725 ± 11.2 | 393.7 ± 7.9 | 299.6 ± 7.3 | 138.96 ± 5.3 |
23 | glycitein | NF | 10.01 ± 0.32 | 21.85 ± 1.4 | 43.69 ± 5.1 | 5.2 ± 0.23 | 6.1 ± 0.12 |
24 | daidzin | NF | NF | 10.9±0.32 | 5.2±0.12 | NF | NF |
25 | daidzein | NF | NF | 34.44 ± 2.6 | 53.96 ± 3.45 | 72.92 ± 2.9 | 12.44 ± 0.47 |
26 | crysin | 1.53 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.08 | 1.34 ± 0.4 | 1.67 ± 0.07 | 1.8 ± 0.09 | 2.0 ± 0.08 |
27 | abiscisic acid | 0.61 ± 0.3 | 0.48 ± 0.2 | 0.38 ± 0.15 | 0.32 ± 0.17 | 0.47 ± 0.15 | NF |
Σ polyphenols | 2974.60 ± 1.32 | 1327.97 ± 3.35 | 1156.48 ± 3.22 | 1496.27 ± 3.52 | 846.92 ± 4.94 | 455.40 ± 5.01 |
µg/g DW | RCV Seeds | RCV Day 1 | RCV Day 2 | RCV Day 3 | RCV Day 4 | RCV Day 5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | catechin | 134.6 ± 5.8 | 23.17 ± 3.7 | 17.57 ± 2.6 | 10.39 ± 1.55 | 7.57 ± 0.70 | 7 ± 1.06 |
2 | caffeic acid | 16 ± 1.76 | NF * | NF | 11.88 ± 1.2 | NF | NF |
3 | myricetin | 199.5 ± 6.5 | 67.41 ± 3.9 | 30.41 ± 1.5 | 26.98 ± 4.03 | 44.22 ± 3.2 | 16.81 ± 1.06 |
4 | p-cumaric acid | 19.48 ± 1.086 | 16.48 ± 1.44 | 14.68 ± 0.95 | 12.6 ± 0.6 | 11.44 ± 0.55 | 11.6 ± 0.28 |
5 | syringic acid | 16.11 ± 1.14 | 8.68 ± 1.5 | 6.37 ± 0.24 | 5.48 ± 1.14 | 3.17 ± 0.17 | 2.19 ± 0.04 |
6 | genistin | NF | 0.76 ± 0.04 | 12.2 ± 1.04 | 20.38 ± 1.28 | 19.31 ± 2.09 | 11.9 ± 1.10 |
7 | chlorogenic acid | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF |
8 | ferulic acid | 175.48 ± 6.8 | 67.56 ± 4.6 | 99.64 ± 7.5 | 82 ± 5.2 | 97.12 ± 8.3 | 101.48 ± 6.9 |
9 | hyperoside | 750.9 ± 10.02 | 196.2 ± 4.6 | 12.6 ± 0.6 | NF | NF | NF |
10 | isohamnetin | 28.6 ± 0.52 | 56.04 ± 0.12 | 43.6 ± 0.34 | 30.52 ± 0.47 | 88.48 ± 1.28 | 38.16 ± 0.9 |
11 | rutin | 16 ± 0.9 | 67.78 ± 4.6 | 71.14 ± 5.02 | 71.56 ± 3.95 | 122.68 ± 7.21 | 140.2 ± 6.95 |
12 | gallic acid | 2 ± 0.04 | 1.2 ± 0.02 | 1.04 ± 0.01 | NF | 1.56 ± 0.02 | 1.64 ± 0.03 |
13 | ellagic acid | 9.08 ± 0.06 | 10.20 ± 1.14 | 8.21 ± 1.09 | 7.8 ± 1.11 | 7.16 ± 1.15 | NF |
14 | formononetin | 14.8 ± 1.03 | 35.68 ± 3.6 | 134.2 ± 6.2 | 172.76 ± 8.05 | 180.12 ± 6.12 | 141.36 ± 4.8 |
15 | pinocembrin | NF | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.48 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.01 |
16 | apigenin | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF | NF |
17 | pinstrobin | 1.6 ± 0.14 | 1.6 ± 0.12 | 1.92 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.04 | 3.24 ± 0.15 | 4.52 ± 0.04 |
18 | kaempferol | 78.8 ± 3.8 | 5.76 ± 2.05 | 5.48 ± 2.12 | 5.48 ± 1.5 | 6.48 ± 1.9 | 5.48 ± 2.4 |
19 | hesperetin | 2824.8 ± 8.5 | 759.86 ± 7.3 | 424.83 ± 6.8 | 343.62 ± 10.05 | 203.44 ± 6.5 | 173.95 ± 4.6 |
20 | genistein | 28.76 ± 2.06 | 435.44 ± 4.7 | 593.44 ± 5.2 | 607.2 ± 3.9 | 499.92 ± 4.8 | NF |
21 | naringenin | 1.32 ± 0.7 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | NF |
22 | quercitin | 6714 ± 9.54 | 2105 ± 6.25 | 1840.84 ± 5.07 | 1169.17 ± 5.10 | 1406.05 ± 3.9 | 1633.61 ± 3.04 |
23 | glycitein | 2.49 ± 1.05 | 1.9 ± 1.01 | 17.43 ± 0.95 | 44.54 ± 2.45 | 43.74 ± 1.90 | 27 ± 1.05 |
24 | daidzin | NF | 94.1 ± 4.3 | 78.3 ± 3.7 | 12.4 ± 2.4 | NF | NF |
25 | daidzein | NF | NF | 185.2 ± 6.8 | 220.2 ± 4.2 | 263.1 ± 3.7 | 114.5 ± 4.6 |
26 | crysin | 1.09 ± 0.1 | 1.09 ± 0.2 | NF | 1.10 ± 0.07 | 1.11 ± 0.09 | 1.10 ± 0.4 |
27 | abiscisic acid | 0.98 ± 0.4 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.52 ± 0.25 | 1.00 ± 0.51 | 0.92 ± 0.32 |
Σ polyphenols | 11036.40 ± 2.18 | 2056.45 ± 3.07 | 3599.72 ± 1.45 | 2859.55 ± 3.68 | 3011.68 ± 2.98 | 2433.72 ± 4.21 |
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Chiriac, E.R.; Chiţescu, C.L.; Borda, D.; Lupoae, M.; Gird, C.E.; Geană, E.-I.; Blaga, G.-V.; Boscencu, R. Comparison of the Polyphenolic Profile of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. Sprouts in Different Germination Stages Using the UHPLC-Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020, 25, 2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102321
Chiriac ER, Chiţescu CL, Borda D, Lupoae M, Gird CE, Geană E-I, Blaga G-V, Boscencu R. Comparison of the Polyphenolic Profile of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. Sprouts in Different Germination Stages Using the UHPLC-Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules. 2020; 25(10):2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102321
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiriac, Elena Roxana, Carmen Lidia Chiţescu, Daniela Borda, Mariana Lupoae, Cerasela Elena Gird, Elisabeta-Irina Geană, Giorgiana-Valentina Blaga, and Rica Boscencu. 2020. "Comparison of the Polyphenolic Profile of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. Sprouts in Different Germination Stages Using the UHPLC-Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry" Molecules 25, no. 10: 2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102321