Stepwise Ethanol-Water Fractionation of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin to Improve Its Performance as a Cationic Dye Adsorbent
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Lignin Fractionation by Stepwise Dissolution
2.2. Adsorption Capacities of Lignin Subdivisions
2.3. Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherms Studies
2.4. Recycling Studies
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Material
3.2. Isolation of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin from Enzymatic Hydrolysis Residue
3.3. Fractionation of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin
3.4. Characterization of EHL and Lignin Subdivisions
3.5. Batch experiments for Methylene Blue Adsorption
3.6. Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherms
3.7. Lignin Recycling
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Not available |
S1 | S2 | S3 | EHL (S1 + S2 + S3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yield (%) | 22.87 | 27.80 | 45.34 | - |
Mw | 4050 | 6270 | 12230 | 7280 |
Mn | 2238 | 3800 | 7194 | 3569 |
Polydispersity | 1.81 | 1.65 | 1.70 | 2.04 |
Specific surface area | 2.44 | 4.06 | 4.84 | 2.89 |
Zeta potential 1 | −19.31 ± 1.63 | −28.69 ± 2.29 | −35.24 ± 3.08 | −24.71 ± 1.77 |
Kinetic parameters | T (°C) | Qe (mg/g) | Pseudo-First-Order Kinetics | Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics | ||||
K1 (min−1) | Q1 (mg/g) | R2 | K2*10−4 (g*mg−1*min−1) | Q2 (mg/g) | R2 | |||
30 | 337.7 | 0.18 | 312.5 | 0.966 | 9.3 | 331.1 | 0.994 | |
40 | 395.1 | 0.21 | 372.0 | 0.952 | 9.7 | 392.5 | 0.989 | |
50 | 418.9 | 0.35 | 406.9 | 0.987 | 20.2 | 420.1 | 0.999 | |
Isotherm parameters | T (°C) | Freundlich Constant | Langmuir Constant | |||||
n | KF | R2 | b (L/mg) | Qm (mg/g) | R2 | |||
30 | 11.8 | 205.4 | 0.972 | 0.13 | 341.0 | 0.931 | ||
40 | 9.5 | 225.6 | 0.916 | 0.16 | 408.5 | 0.969 | ||
50 | 11.0 | 260.8 | 0.858 | 0.29 | 431.1 | 0.979 |
Adsorbents | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | References |
---|---|---|
80% insoluble subdivision of EHL (corn stalk) | 431.1 | This work |
Deacetylated acetic acid lignin (eucalyptus) | 63.3 | [22] |
Organosolv lignin (rice straw) | 40.0 | [23] |
Formic lignin (sugar cane bagasse) | 34.2 | [42] |
Fe3O4@lignosulfonate/phenolic microsphere | 292.6 | [43] |
Straw based adsorbents | 274.7 | [44] |
Swede rape straw | 246.4 | [45] |
Bamboo-based activated carbon | 454.2 | [46] |
cork waste-based activated carbon | 350.0 | [40] |
Coconut husk-based activated carbon | 434.8 | [41] |
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Sui, W.; Pang, T.; Wang, G.; Liu, C.; Parvez, A.M.; Si, C.; Li, C. Stepwise Ethanol-Water Fractionation of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin to Improve Its Performance as a Cationic Dye Adsorbent. Molecules 2020, 25, 2603. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112603
Sui W, Pang T, Wang G, Liu C, Parvez AM, Si C, Li C. Stepwise Ethanol-Water Fractionation of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin to Improve Its Performance as a Cationic Dye Adsorbent. Molecules. 2020; 25(11):2603. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112603
Chicago/Turabian StyleSui, Wenjie, Tairan Pang, Guanhua Wang, Cuiyun Liu, Ashak Mahmud Parvez, Chuanling Si, and Chao Li. 2020. "Stepwise Ethanol-Water Fractionation of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin to Improve Its Performance as a Cationic Dye Adsorbent" Molecules 25, no. 11: 2603. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112603