Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds of Healthy and Huanglongbing-Infected Navel Orange and Pomelo Leaves by HS-GC-IMS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. HS-GC-IMS Topographic Plots of HEAO, HLBO, HEAP, and HLBP
2.2. Differences in the Characteristic Volatile Fingerprints of HEAO, HLBO, HEAP, and HLBP
2.3. Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in HEAO, HLBO, HEAP, and HLBP
2.4. Similarity Analysis of Fingerprint Based on PCA
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. GC-IMS Analyses
3.2.1. Apparatuses
3.2.2. HS-GC-IMS Analysis Methods
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of Gannan Newhall navel orange leaves (HEAO and HLBO) and Shatian pomelo leaves (HEAP and HLBP) are available from the authors. |
NO. | Compound | RI a | Rt b (s) | Dt c (RIP d Relative) | Signal Intensity(HEAO) | Signal Intensity(HLBO) | P Value | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acetone | 527.0 | 116.749 | 1.1172 | 2181.6 ± 48.5 | 4403.7 ± 96.3 | <0.001 | −101.9% |
2 | 2-Butanone | 604.3 | 145.839 | 1.0579 | 731.7 ± 89.3 | 481.9 ± 12.0 | 0.009 | 34.1% |
3 | 2-Butanone dimer | 601.6 | 144.824 | 1.2477 | 455.2 ± 91.4 | 459.9 ± 34.8 | 0.937 | −1.0% |
4 | 3-Pentanone | 702.1 | 195.225 | 1.1063 | 1873.4 ± 100.9 | 1129.3 ± 24.6 | <0.001 | 39.7% |
5 | 3-Pentanone dimer | 700.2 | 193.872 | 1.3535 | 4201.6 ± 131.5 | 1307.0 ± 55.1 | <0.001 | 68.9% |
6 | Hexanal | 790.6 | 273.363 | 1.2527 | 259.4 ± 43.1 | 79.7 ± 11.7 | 0.002 | 69.3% |
7 | Hexanal dimer | 790.7 | 273.385 | 1.5642 | 51.5 ± 15.4 | 24.3 ± 1.9 | 0.039 | 52.8% |
8 | 2-Hexenol | 850.6 | 336.576 | 1.1795 | 947.0 ± 99.2 | 288.1 ± 70.8 | 0.001 | 69.6% |
9 | 2-Hexenol dimer | 850.2 | 336.033 | 1.5212 | 158.5 ± 45.2 | 24.4 ± 4.9 | 0.035 | 84.6% |
10 | Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 847.7 | 333.085 | 1.2394 | 32.1 ± 7.2 | 228.1 ± 18.8 | <0.001 | −611.6% |
11 | Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate dimer | 848.5 | 334.014 | 1.6553 | 25.7 ± 7.4 | 123.5 ± 21.3 | 0.002 | −380.3% |
12 | (Z)−3-Hexen-1-ol | 856.1 | 343.25 | 1.2314 | 189.0 ± 33.3 | 285.5 ± 37.3 | 0.029 | −51.1% |
13 | (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol dimer | 856.1 | 343.204 | 1.512 | 531.2 ± 247.8 | 1457.6 ± 308.6 | 0.015 | −174.4% |
14 | Limonene | 1028.8 | 648.135 | 1.2181 | 2292.8 ± 3.8 | 2861.4 ± 73.7 | <0.001 | −24.8% |
15 | Limonene polymer | 1031.0 | 652.017 | 1.2961 | 2319.9 ± 190.8 | 1650.0 ± 65.9 | 0.005 | 28.9% |
16 | Limonene polymer | 1031.0 | 652.017 | 1.6592 | 1170.7 ± 41.8 | 1841.1 ± 230.1 | 0.008 | −57.3% |
17 | Limonene polymer | 1029.9 | 650.076 | 1.7295 | 1296.3 ± 115.4 | 1976.2 ± 276.4 | 0.017 | −52.5% |
18 | α-Pinene | 929.7 | 458.139 | 1.2185 | 3590.8 ± 44.2 | 4499.7 ± 133.8 | <0.001 | −25.3% |
19 | α-Pinene polymer | 930.0 | 458.63 | 1.2923 | 698.4 ± 12.3 | 1144.4 ± 70.0 | 0.007 | −63.9% |
20 | α-Pinene polymer | 927.9 | 454.705 | 1.6744 | 1947.1 ± 150.8 | 5740.3 ± 1061.1 | 0.004 | −194.8% |
21 | α-Pinene polymer | 930.2 | 459.12 | 1.7323 | 269.3 ± 31.1 | 808.4 ± 137.0 | 0.003 | −200.2% |
22 | Ethyl acetate | 615.6 | 150.24 | 1.0973 | 292.9 ± 39.2 | 1091.6 ± 26.0 | <0.001 | −272.7% |
23 | Ethyl acetate dimer | 615.6 | 150.24 | 1.3355 | 105.2 ± 19.4 | 6139.0 ± 49.9 | <0.001 | −5733.5% |
24 | Ethyl propanoate | 711.9 | 202.517 | 1.1434 | 69.9 ± 6.4 | 220.5 ± 28.1 | 0.001 | −215.7% |
25 | Ethyl propanoate dimer | 710.6 | 201.527 | 1.4548 | 14.3 ± 0.8 | 59.8 ± 22.6 | 0.073 | −317.6% |
26 | Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate | 754.3 | 238.813 | 1.1905 | 45.9 ± 9.3 | 172.1 ± 4.6 | <0.001 | −274.8% |
27 | Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate dimer | 752.1 | 236.833 | 1.5619 | 11.6 ± 0.2 | 58.4 ± 5.6 | 0.005 | −402.8% |
28 | Benzaldehyde | 953.0 | 503.079 | 1.1434 | 608.3 ± 14.2 | 427.2 ± 21.4 | <0.001 | 29.8% |
29 | Benzaldehyde dimer | 953.0 | 503.193 | 1.47 | 101.6 ± 2.3 | 85.2 ± 10.3 | 0.104 | 16.2% |
30 | 3-Methylbutanol | 734.6 | 221.157 | 1.2418 | 32.4 ± 3.4 | 254.5 ± 23.0 | 0.003 | −684.9% |
31 | 3-Methylbutanol dimer | 734.1 | 220.7 | 1.4927 | 18.5 ± 2.8 | 72.1 ± 11.1 | 0.001 | −289.1% |
32 | Methyl 2-methylbutanoate | 770.0 | 253.595 | 1.1895 | 59.6 ± 3.9 | 157.8 ± 13.0 | <0.001 | −164.7% |
33 | Methyl 2-methylbutanoate dimer | 770.0 | 253.595 | 1.5347 | 21.5 ± 1.0 | 49.5 ± 7.8 | 0.004 | −129.8% |
34 | β-Ocimene | 1052.9 | 690.729 | 1.2133 | 3753.4 ± 75.8 | 3654.0 ± 51.4 | 0.133 | 2.6% |
35 | β-Ocimene polymer | 1051.9 | 688.902 | 1.2566 | 1533.9 ± 146.8 | 1386.7 ± 103.9 | 0.229 | 9.6% |
36 | β-Ocimene polymer | 1052.4 | 689.815 | 1.6976 | 3809.0 ± 1056.0 | 7601.4 ± 113.5 | 0.003 | −99.6% |
NO. | Compound | RIa | Rt b (s) | Dt c (RIP d Relative) | Signal Intensity(HEAP) | Signal Intensity(HLBP) | P Value | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2-Butanone | 617.4 | 150.906 | 1.0595 | 1220.5 ± 47.5 | 1307.7 ± 106.4 | 0.265 | −7.1% |
2 | 2-Butanone dimer | 616.7 | 150.640 | 1.2515 | 1404.5 ± 131.9 | 1589.0 ± 108.2 | 0.135 | −13.1% |
3 | 3-Pentanone | 712.0 | 202.578 | 1.1028 | 1022.3 ± 35.8 | 259.0 ± 29.2 | <0.001 | 74.7% |
4 | 3-Pentanone dimer | 710.2 | 201.249 | 1.3599 | 648.2 ± 51.1 | 51.6 ± 8.3 | <0.001 | 92.0% |
5 | Acetone | 548.7 | 124.904 | 1.1203 | 1575.1 ± 83.2 | 1593.1 ± 45.3 | 0.759 | −1.1% |
6 | hexanal | 800.3 | 282.722 | 1.2521 | 38.8 ± 4.0 | 32.0 ± 3.7 | 0.093 | 17.5% |
7 | Limonene | 1036.5 | 661.717 | 1.2227 | 1584.6 ± 401.6 | 2620.9 ± 103.3 | 0.012 | −65.4% |
8 | Limonene polymer | 1037.0 | 662.589 | 1.2929 | 1997.1 ± 588.6 | 3978.6 ± 120.2 | 0.005 | −99.2% |
9 | Limonene polymer | 1036.5 | 661.717 | 1.6643 | 242.3 ± 116.4 | 929.6 ± 60.4 | 0.001 | −283.7% |
10 | Limonene polymer | 1036.0 | 660.845 | 1.7345 | 291.5 ± 103.3 | 990.3 ± 50.2 | <0.001 | −239.7% |
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Cao, S.; Sun, J.; Yuan, X.; Deng, W.; Zhong, B.; Chun, J. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds of Healthy and Huanglongbing-Infected Navel Orange and Pomelo Leaves by HS-GC-IMS. Molecules 2020, 25, 4119. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184119
Cao S, Sun J, Yuan X, Deng W, Zhong B, Chun J. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds of Healthy and Huanglongbing-Infected Navel Orange and Pomelo Leaves by HS-GC-IMS. Molecules. 2020; 25(18):4119. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184119
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Shan, Jingyu Sun, Xiaoyong Yuan, Weihui Deng, Balian Zhong, and Jiong Chun. 2020. "Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds of Healthy and Huanglongbing-Infected Navel Orange and Pomelo Leaves by HS-GC-IMS" Molecules 25, no. 18: 4119. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184119