Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf: A Rapid Analysis Using Infrared Fingerprinting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Extraction Yield
2.2. AGI Activity
2.3. FTIR Spectra of the P. Malayana Extracts
2.4. Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA)
2.5. MVDA Validation
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Collection and Preparation of Sample
3.3. Preparation of Samples
3.4. Preparation of P. Malayana Extracts
3.5. AGI Assay
3.6. FTIR Analysis
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Herbal samples are stored in Kulliyyah of Pharmacy’s herbarium IIUM Kuantan, and available from the authors. |
Ratios of Methanol and Water. | AGI Activity IC50 (µg/mL) | Percentage of Yield |
---|---|---|
0/100 | 7.48 ± 0.51 b | 20.40 ± 1.47 d |
25/75 | 5.45 ± 0.51 c | 28.67 ± 1.01 c |
50/50 | 7.35 ± 0.66 b | 32.73 ± 1.41 a,b |
75/25 | 10.34 ± 0.52 a | 35.19 ± 1.11 a |
100/0 | 2.83 ± 0.32 d | 31.51 ± 1.24 b |
Quercetin | 1.86 ± 0.04 d | ND |
Region of Wavenumber (cm−1). | Functional Group | Name of Functional Group Attribution |
---|---|---|
3010 to 3670 | O-H stretch | Phenols, alcohols, and carboxylic acid |
2795 to 3010 | C-H stretch | Aromatics/aldehydes, alkanes, and alkenes |
1666 to 1730 | C=O stretch | Aldehydes/primary amides, carboxylic acid, ester, and ketone |
1550 to 1660 | C=C | Alkenes |
1300 to 1390 | N=O | Aliphatic nitro compounds |
650 to 1000 | C=C bend | Alkenes |
430 to 800 | C-H | 430 to 800 |
Number of Sources | Actual AGI Activity IC50 (µg/mL) | Predicted AGI Activity |
---|---|---|
1 | 5.70 ± 0.44 a | High Activity |
2 | 5.58 ± 0.38 a | High Activity |
3 | 2.63 ± 0.35 c | High Activity |
4 | 3.80 ± 0.81 b,c | High Activity |
5 | 5.10 ± 0.70 a,b | High Activity |
6 | 5.60 ± 0.66 a | High Activity |
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Nipun, T.S.; Khatib, A.; Ahmed, Q.U.; Redzwan, I.E.; Ibrahim, Z.; Khan, A.Y.F.; Primaharinastiti, R.; Khalifa, S.A.M.; El-Seedi, H.R. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf: A Rapid Analysis Using Infrared Fingerprinting. Molecules 2020, 25, 4161. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184161
Nipun TS, Khatib A, Ahmed QU, Redzwan IE, Ibrahim Z, Khan AYF, Primaharinastiti R, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf: A Rapid Analysis Using Infrared Fingerprinting. Molecules. 2020; 25(18):4161. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184161
Chicago/Turabian StyleNipun, Tanzina Sharmin, Alfi Khatib, Qamar Uddin Ahmed, Irna Elina Redzwan, Zalikha Ibrahim, Al’aina Yuhainis Firus Khan, Riesta Primaharinastiti, Shaden A. M. Khalifa, and Hesham R. El-Seedi. 2020. "Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf: A Rapid Analysis Using Infrared Fingerprinting" Molecules 25, no. 18: 4161. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184161