Synthesis of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles from Terminalia mantaly Extracts and the Evaluation of Their In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects in Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Qualitative Analysis of TM Phytochemicals
2.2. Green Synthesis of AuNPs
2.2.1. Optimization of TM-AuNP Synthesis and UV–Vis Spectroscopy
2.2.2. DLS Analysis of TM-AuNPs
2.2.3. HRTEM, SAED and EDX Analyses
2.2.4. FTIR Analysis of TM-AuNPs
2.3. Effects of TM Extracts and AuNPs on Cancer Cells
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Collection and Processing of Plant Material
3.2. Plant Extraction and Phytochemical Analysis
3.2.1. Preparation of Crude Extracts
3.2.2. Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis
3.3. Biosynthesis of AuNPs and Characterization
3.3.1. Green Synthesis of AuNPs
3.3.2. Characterization of TM-AuNPs
UV–Visible Spectroscopy
DLS Analysis
TM-AuNPs HRTEM, EDX and SAED Pattern Analysis
FTIR Spectroscopy Measurements
3.4. Cell Viability Using MTT Assay
3.5. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the TM-extracts are available on request from the authors. |
TM Extracts | Alkaloids | Phenolic content | Flavonoids | Tannins | Anthocyanins | Anthraquinones | Steroids | Triterpenes | Glucosides | Saponins |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WTMSB | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | + | + | + |
MTMSB | + | + | + | - | - | + | - | - | + | + |
WTMR | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + |
MTMR | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
WTML | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | + | + | + |
MTML | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | - |
AuNPs | AuNPs at 25 °C | AuNPs at 70 °C | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OC | λmax | OC | λmax | |
(mg/mL) | (nm) | (mg/mL) | (nm) | |
WTMSB-AuNPs | 1.56 | 545 | 1.56 | 540 |
MTMSB-AuNPs | 1.56 | 550 | 1.56 | 535 |
WTMR-AuNPs | 6.25 | 560 | 6.25 | 550 |
MTMR-AuNPs | 1.56 | 540 | 1.56 | 550 |
WTML-AuNPs | 1.56 | 540 | 1.56 | 545 |
MTML-AuNPs | 3.12 | 544 | 1.56 | 544 |
TM-AuNPs | AuNPs at 25 °C | AuNPs at 70 °C | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PD (nm) | Pdi | ZP (mv) | PD (nm) | Pdi | ZP (mv) | |
WTMSB-AuNPs | 39 | 0.5 | −27 | 57 | 0.3 | −28 |
MTMSB-AuNPs | 44 | 0.5 | −36 | 52 | 0.5 | −29 |
WTMR-AuNPs | 66 | 0.7 | −32 | 79 | 0.8 | −29 |
MTMR-AuNPs | 44 | 0.4 | −30 | 48 | 0.5 | −32 |
WTML-AuNPs | 43 | 0.6 | −37 | 44 | 0.7 | −35 |
MTML-AuNPs | 55 | 0.4 | −29 | 51 | 0.5 | −10 |
AuNPs | AuNP Core Size (nm) | |
---|---|---|
25 °C | 70 °C | |
WTMSB-AuNPs | 35.5 | 43.0 |
MTMSB-AuNPs | 25.5 | 28.3 |
WTML-AuNPs | 26.5 | 21.5 |
MTML-AuNPs | 23.5 | 25.0 |
WTMR-AuNPs | 32.0 | 33.5 |
MTMR-AuNPs | 26.0 | 29.5 |
Treatments | IC50 Values (µg/mL) | ||
---|---|---|---|
HepG2 | Caco-2 | MCF-7 | |
WTML | 61.19 ± 0.00 | 90.19 ± 0.12 | 66.84 ± 0.01 |
MTML | 75.07 ± 0.01 | 87.34 ± 0.00 | 72.44 ± 0.00 |
WTMSB | 93.73 ± 0.00 | 62.66 ± 0.01 | 49.23 ± 0.00 |
MTMSB | 41.28 ± 0.02 | 76.37 ± 0.01 | 19.73 ± 0.02 |
WTMR | 90.47 ± 0.01 | 73.03 ± 0.00 | 43.30 ± 0.00 |
MTMR | 43.24 ± 0.13 | 89.02 ± 0.00 | 2.73 ± 0.01 |
WTML-AuNPs (25 °C) | 63.09 ± 0.00 | 5.71 ± 0.03 | 6.56 ± 0.01 |
WTML-AuNPs (70 °C) | 41.74 ± 0.06 | 5.71 ± 0.31 | 32.59 ± 0.10 |
MTML-AuNPs (25 °C) | 38.75 ± 0.01 | 41.20 ± 0.03 | 15.37 ± 0.06 |
MTML-AuNPs (70 °C) | 85.07 ± 0.05 | 18.37 ± 0.41 | 54.56 ± 0.02 |
WTMSB-AuNPs (25 °C) | 66.29 ± 0.01 | 20.34 ± 0.05 | 65.15 ± 0.02 |
WTMSB-AuNPs (70 °C) | 63.09 ± 0.21 | 7.04 ± 0.01 | 1.77 ± 0.01 |
MTMSB-AuNPs (25 °C) | 30.56 ± 0.10 | 75.83 ± 0.01 | 54.46 ± 0.01 |
MTMSB-AuNPs (70 °C) | 36.26 ± 0.07 | 6.56 ± 0.05 | 1.24 ± 0.00 |
MTMR-AuNPs (25 °C) | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 23.58 ± 0.02 | 3.36 ± 0.20 |
MTMR-AuNPs (70 °C) | 90.85 ± 0.08 | 31.51 ± 0.03 | 6.23 ± 0.01 |
WTMR –AuNPs (25 °C) | 88.59 ± 0.11 | 4.74 ± 0.01 | 1.24 ± 0.01 |
WTMR-AuNPs (70 °C) | 58.03 ± 0.41 | 40.42 ± 0.04 | 6.29 ± 0.01 |
% Cell Viability | |||
10% DMSO | 17.04 ± 0.06 | 34.24 ± 0.22 | 55.23 ± 0.14 |
100 µg/mL Cisplatin | 20.6 ± 0.34 | 39.2 ± 1.67 | 1.9 ± 0.04 |
AuNPs | CC50 (µg/mL) | Selectivity Index (CC50/IC50) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
KMST-6 | MCF-7 | HepG2 | Caco-2 | |
MTMR-AuNPs (25 °C) | 275.7 ± 0.010 | 82.05 ± 0.010 | 1531.66 ± 0.100 | 11.69 ± 0.500 |
MTMSB-AuNPs (70 °C) | 334.5 ± 0.020 | 269.75 ± 0.100 | 9.23 ± 0.110 | 50.99 ± 0.100 |
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Majoumouo, M.S.; Sharma, J.R.; Sibuyi, N.R.S.; Tincho, M.B.; Boyom, F.F.; Meyer, M. Synthesis of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles from Terminalia mantaly Extracts and the Evaluation of Their In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020, 25, 4469. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194469
Majoumouo MS, Sharma JR, Sibuyi NRS, Tincho MB, Boyom FF, Meyer M. Synthesis of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles from Terminalia mantaly Extracts and the Evaluation of Their In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects in Cancer Cells. Molecules. 2020; 25(19):4469. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194469
Chicago/Turabian StyleMajoumouo, Michele S., Jyoti R. Sharma, Nicole R. S. Sibuyi, Marius B. Tincho, Fabrice F. Boyom, and Mervin Meyer. 2020. "Synthesis of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles from Terminalia mantaly Extracts and the Evaluation of Their In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects in Cancer Cells" Molecules 25, no. 19: 4469. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194469