Activation of JNK and p38 in MCF-7 Cells and the In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Alnus hirsuta Extract
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Solvent Extracts of Alnus hirsuta and the Constituents of the AHC Extract
2.2. Yeast Inhibitory Activity of the AHC Extract and the Compounds
2.3. Cytotoxic Effects of the AHC Extract and the Compounds Against Cancer Cells
2.4. Effect of the AHC Extract on JNK and p38 Pathways
2.5. Effect of the AHC Extract on ROS Production
2.6. Apoptotic Activity of the AHC Extract
2.7. Cell Cycle Arrest Effect by the AHC Extract
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials: Extraction and Isolation
4.2. Evaluation of Yeast Suppression Effects of the Extracts and Compounds
4.3. Cytotoxicity Determination of the Extracts and the Compounds
4.4. Detection of Endogenous Proteins in the AHC Extract-Treated MCF-7 Cells
4.5. Measurement of ROS Generation in MCF-7 Cells by the AHC Extract
4.6. Evaluation of Apoptotic Effect of the AHC Extract on MCF-7 Cells
4.7. Cell Cycle Analysis of MCF-7 Cells Treated with the AHC Extract
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Position | Compound 1 | Compound 2 | Compound 3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δH | Multiplicity | δC | δH | Multiplicity | δC | δH | Multiplicity | δC | |
1 | 2.74 (t, J = 7.7 Hz) | CH2 | 30.7 | 2.83 (t, J = 15.5 Hz) | CH2 | 31.0 | 2.73 (m, J = 12.0 Hz) | CH2 | 29.9 |
2 | 2.78 (t, J = 7.7 Hz) | CH2 | 42.8 | 2.90 (t, J = 14.5 Hz) | CH2 | 43.3 | 2.71 (m, J = 11.5 Hz) | CH2 | 46.5 |
3 | - | C | 203.0 | - | C | 203.1 | - | C | 212.1 |
4 | 6.03 (d, J = 16.0 Hz) | CH | 131.7 | 6.26 (d, J = 15.5 Hz) | CH | 146.4 | 2.61 (m, H-4) | CH2 | 51.3 |
5 | 6.84 (dt, J = 16.0 Hz) | CH | 149.4 | 7.37 (d, J = 13.0 Hz) | CH | 143.8 | 4.0 (J = 13.0 Hz) | CH | 68.4 |
6 | 2.42 (t, J = 7.0 Hz) | CH2 | 35.8 | 6.96 (d, J = 15.5 Hz) | CH | 125.1 | 1.66 (dd, J = 9.0 Hz) | CH2 | 40.0 |
7 | 2.43 (t, J = 7.5 Hz) | CH2 | 34.6 | 6.84 (t, J = 15.5 Hz) | CH | 129.0 | 2.51 (m, H-7) | CH2 | 32.3 |
1′ | - | C | 133.1 | - | C | 133.5 | - | C | 133.4 |
2′, 6′ | 6.96 (d, J = 6.0 Hz) | CH2 | 130.5 | 7.03 (d, J = 8.5 Hz) | CH2 | 129.4, 129.0 | 6.99 (d, J = 8.5Hz) | CH2 | 130.4 |
3′, 5′ | 6.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz) | CH2 | 116.3 | 6.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz) | CH2 | 116.3, 116.3 | 6.69 (dd, J = 8.5Hz) | CH2 | 116.2 |
4′ | - | C | 156.7 | - | C | 156.8 | - | C | 156.5 |
1″ | - | C | 133.3 | - | C | 127.5 | - | C | 134.2 |
2″, 6″ | 6.98 (d, J = 6.0 Hz) | CH2 | 130.5 | 7.39 (d, J = 4.0 Hz) | CH2 | 130.5, 130.3 | 6.98 (d, J = 8.5Hz) | CH2 | 130.4 |
3″, 5″ | 6.70 (d, J = 8.5 Hz) | CH2 | 116.3 | 6.77 (d, J = 8.5 Hz) | CH2 | 116.9, 116.9 | 6.68 (dd, J = 9.0Hz) | CH2 | 116.3 |
4″ | - | C | 156.7 | - | C | 160.3 | - | C | 156.7 |
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Ryu, M.; Sung, C.K.; Im, Y.J.; Chun, C. Activation of JNK and p38 in MCF-7 Cells and the In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Alnus hirsuta Extract. Molecules 2020, 25, 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051073
Ryu M, Sung CK, Im YJ, Chun C. Activation of JNK and p38 in MCF-7 Cells and the In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Alnus hirsuta Extract. Molecules. 2020; 25(5):1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051073
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyu, Mina, Chung Ki Sung, Young Jun Im, and ChangJu Chun. 2020. "Activation of JNK and p38 in MCF-7 Cells and the In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Alnus hirsuta Extract" Molecules 25, no. 5: 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051073