Studying and Modeling of the Extraction Properties of the Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Sorbitol-Based Solvents in Regard to Biologically Active Substances from Glycyrrhizae Roots
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Reagents and Solvents
3.2. Methods of Analysis
3.2.1. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method (RP HPLC)
3.2.2. A Method for Obtaining NADES and Sorbitol-Based Solvents
3.2.3. A method for Extract Preparation
3.2.4. A Method for Thermal Analysis
3.2.5. A Method for Dielectric Constant Analysis
3.3. Theory
- n, n0 are quantity of BAS molecules in the liquid phase and in the extraction system in general, moles;
- C is BAS concentration in the solvent, g/mL;
- V is solvent volume, mL;
- m0 is BAS mass in the extraction system, g;
- Δμ is the change of BAS molecules’ chemical potential at the transition from plant raw material to the solvent, J/mole;
- R is gas constant, 8.314 J/(K·mol);
- T is absolute temperature, K;
- a is constant.
- b, d, f are empirical constants;
- ε is a dielectric constant of the solvent.
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Compound | Mole Ratio | Tm, °C | Tg, °C |
---|---|---|---|
1. Sorbitol | - | 97.3 ± 0.5 | - |
2. Malic acid | - | 130.1 ± 0.5 | - |
3. Sorbitol-based NADES (sorbitol:malic acid:water) | 1:1:3 | - | −55.9 ± 1.5 |
Parameter | Pharmacopoeia Limit [32] | Licuroside * | Glycyram * |
---|---|---|---|
1. Retention time, min | - | 24.2 ± 0.2 | 37.3 ± 0.3 and 37.9 ± 0.3 |
2. Asymmetry parameter | 0.8–1.5 | 0.82 | 0.84 |
3. Resolution between the peaks | ≥1.5 | 2.5 | 1.7 and 1.5 |
4. Relative standard deviation, RSD, % | ≤2.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 and 1.9 |
5. LOD, g/mL | - | 2.0·10−5 | 8.9·10−5 |
6. LOQ, g/mL | - | 6.1·10−5 | 2.7·10−4 |
7. Determination coefficient, r2 | ≥0.98 | 0.9999 | 0.9997 |
8. Linear regression equation, C(g/mL) = f(S(mAU·s)) | - | C = (3.36 ± 0.04)·10−7·S | C = (1.77 ± 0.06)·10−6·S |
No. | Content, % wt. * | Density, g/mL * | Dielectric Constant (ε) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sorbitol | Ethanol | Water | Malic Acid | Glycerin | |||
1 | 2.00 ± 0.01 | 91.0 ± 0.5 | 7.00 ± 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0.815 ± 0.006 | 26 |
2 | 14.0 ± 0.1 | 66.0 ± 0.3 | 20.0 ± 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.900 ± 0.006 | 34 |
3 | 34.0 ± 0.2 | 42.0 ± 0.2 | 24.0 ± 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.018 ± 0.006 | 41 |
4 | 51.0 ± 0.3 | 22.0 ± 0.1 | 27.0 ± 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.130 ± 0.006 | 50 |
5 | 72.0 ± 0.4 | 0 | 28.0 ± 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.298 ± 0.006 | 61 |
6 ** | 49.0 ± 0.3 | 0 | 15.0 ± 0.1 | 36.0 ± 0.2 | 0 | 1.404 ± 0.006 | 33 ± 2 *** |
7 ** | 42.7 ± 0.3 | 0 | 4.20 ± 0.03 | 31.5 ± 0.2 | 21.6 ± 0.1 | 1.381 ± 0.006 | 41 ± 2 *** |
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Boyko, N.; Zhilyakova, E.; Malyutina, A.; Novikov, O.; Pisarev, D.; Abramovich, R.; Potanina, O.; Lazar, S.; Mizina, P.; Sahaidak-Nikitiuk, R. Studying and Modeling of the Extraction Properties of the Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Sorbitol-Based Solvents in Regard to Biologically Active Substances from Glycyrrhizae Roots. Molecules 2020, 25, 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071482
Boyko N, Zhilyakova E, Malyutina A, Novikov O, Pisarev D, Abramovich R, Potanina O, Lazar S, Mizina P, Sahaidak-Nikitiuk R. Studying and Modeling of the Extraction Properties of the Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Sorbitol-Based Solvents in Regard to Biologically Active Substances from Glycyrrhizae Roots. Molecules. 2020; 25(7):1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071482
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoyko, Nikolay, Elena Zhilyakova, Anastasiya Malyutina, Oleg Novikov, Dmitriy Pisarev, Rimma Abramovich, Olga Potanina, Simon Lazar, Praskovia Mizina, and Rita Sahaidak-Nikitiuk. 2020. "Studying and Modeling of the Extraction Properties of the Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Sorbitol-Based Solvents in Regard to Biologically Active Substances from Glycyrrhizae Roots" Molecules 25, no. 7: 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071482