Apigenin Inhibits Histamine-Induced Cervical Cancer Tumor Growth by Regulating Estrogen Receptor Expression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Histamine Treatment Stimulate Cervical Cancer Tumor Growth In Vivo and In Vitro
2.2. Histamine Induced Cervical Tumor Growth by Altering the Expression of Estrogen Receptor
2.3. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Is Activated by Histamine
2.4. Inhibition Effects of Apigenin on HeLa Cell Proliferation
2.5. Apigenin Inhibited Cervical Tumor Growth In Vivo by Attenuating the Abnormal ER Signaling Caused by Histamine
2.6. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Was Inhibited by the ER Expression Level Change Caused by Apigenin Treatment
2.7. Apigenin Modulated the Serum Estradiol Level in Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Antibodies
4.2. Cell Culture and Treatment
4.3. Determination of Cell Proliferation
4.4. Animal Model
4.5. ELISA Assays for Serum Cytokine Levels and Serum Estradiol Level
4.6. Immunohistochemistry Analysis
4.7. Real-Time PCR
4.8. Western Blot Analysis
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds of apigenin are available from the authors. |
Groups | Descriptions | Comment |
---|---|---|
Control | No HeLa cells injected | Negative control to see the effects of other treatment |
HeLa | Injected with 2 × 106 HeLa cells | Positive control to mimic cervical cancer |
HA | Intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg histamine every 3 days | Test group to study the effects of histamine on cervical cancer |
HA + APG | Intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg histamine and 100 mg/kg apigenin every 3 days | Test group to study the effects of apigenin on cervical cancer |
HA + AZD9496 | Intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg histamine and 2 mg/kg AZD9496 every 3 days | Test group to study the effects of ERα on cervical cancer |
HA + DPN | Intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg histamine and 2 mg/kg DPN every 3 days | Test group to study the effects of ERβ on cervical cancer |
Gene | Primer Sequence (5′–3′) | Size of Product |
---|---|---|
β-actin | CTCGCCTTTGCCGATCC | 258 bp |
GGGGTACTTCAGGGTGAGGA | ||
ERα | ATGCGCTGCGTCGCCTCTAAC | 78 bp |
CGCAGGGCAGAAGGCTCAGA | ||
ERβ | AGCGCGGAGGCTGCGAGAAAT | 56 bp |
CCTGCTCTTCGCCCTGCAAGTT |
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Zhang, E.; Zhang, Y.; Fan, Z.; Cheng, L.; Han, S.; Che, H. Apigenin Inhibits Histamine-Induced Cervical Cancer Tumor Growth by Regulating Estrogen Receptor Expression. Molecules 2020, 25, 1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081960
Zhang E, Zhang Y, Fan Z, Cheng L, Han S, Che H. Apigenin Inhibits Histamine-Induced Cervical Cancer Tumor Growth by Regulating Estrogen Receptor Expression. Molecules. 2020; 25(8):1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081960
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Erkang, Yani Zhang, Zhuoyan Fan, Lei Cheng, Shiwen Han, and Huilian Che. 2020. "Apigenin Inhibits Histamine-Induced Cervical Cancer Tumor Growth by Regulating Estrogen Receptor Expression" Molecules 25, no. 8: 1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081960