Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Vanadium-Containing Faujasite Zeolite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Structure and Morphology of the Obtained Samples
2.2. Physico-Chemical Characterization of the Obtained Samples
2.3. Determination of the Catalytic Properties in the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Catalyst Preparation
3.2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
3.3. Specific Surface Area and Porosity Studies
3.4. Determination of Surface Morphology and Composition by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with the Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Method
3.5. Determination of Elemental Composition by the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Method
3.6. Determination of Vanadium Coordination by the Ultra-Violet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS) Method
3.7. Quantum Chemical Calculations
3.8. Determination of Reducibility by Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR-H2)
3.9. Determination of Acidity by the Temperature-Programmed Desorption of Ammonia (TPD-NH3)
3.10. Determination of Catalytic Properties in the ODH (Oxidative Dehydrogenation) of Propane
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the studied compounds are available from the authors. |
Sample | V Content (wt.%) |
---|---|
V1.0 FAU | 1.07 |
V3.0FAU | 3.55 |
V6.0FAU | 8.13 |
V1.0FAUdes | 1.26 |
V3.0FAUdes | 4.45 |
V6.0FAUdes | 6.62 |
Sample | SSA (m2/g) | Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Micropore Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Mesopore Pore Volume (cm3/g) | SSA Micropores (m2/g) | SSA Mesopores (m2/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FAU | 883 | 0.52 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 724 | 158 |
V1.0 FAU | 750 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 625 | 125 |
V3.0FAU | 704 | 0.45 | 0.27 | 0.18 | 580 | 124 |
V6.0FAU | 670 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 565 | 105 |
FAUdes | 688 | 0.75 | 0.12 | 0.63 | 265 | 423 |
V1.0FAUdes | 669 | 0.73 | 0.13 | 0.60 | 314 | 355 |
V3.0FAUdes | 669 | 0.83 | 0.07 | 0.76 | 151 | 518 |
V6.0FAUdes | 603 | 0.65 | 0.12 | 0.53 | 285 | 318 |
Nature of Species | Peak Position (nm) | Remarks | References |
---|---|---|---|
Tetrahedral monomeric (isolated VO4) | 240–290 280 240 253, 294 | Compound: Na3VO4 (ortho-vanadate) | [22] [23] [24] [25] |
215, 225, 250, 291 | Compound: VO(OH)3 TD-DFT results | This work | |
Tetrahedral 1D chains (polymerized VO4) | 270–290 280, 340 288, 363 281, 353 | Compound: NH4VO3; NaVO3 (meta-vanadate) | [22] [26] [27] [28] |
Square pyramidal | 410 | Compound: α-VPO5 | [22] |
234, 284, 424 | Compound: VO(OH)4− TD-DFT results | This work | |
Octahedral multilayer (polymerized VO5/VO6) | 470 330–500 480 330, 460 334, 481 | Compound: V2O5 | [22] [23] [24] [26] [29] |
218, 232, 263, 320, 393, 452 | Compound: VO(OH)52− TD-DFT results | This work |
Sample | Weak (mmol NH3/g) 150–250 °C | Medium (mmol NH3/g) 250–350 °C | Strong (mmol NH3/g) 350–500 °C | V. Strong (mmol NH3/g) 500–700 °C | Total Acidity (mmol NH3/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FAU | 4.4 | 13.3 | 0 | 0 | 17.7 |
V1.0FAU | 8.6 | 0 | 3.0 | 0 | 11.6 |
V3.0FAU | 0 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 | 4.2 |
V6.0FAU | 1.9 | 14.7 | 0 | 0 | 16.6 |
V1.0FAUdes | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 |
V3.0FAUdes | 4.7 | 9.3 | 0 | 0 | 14.0 |
V6.0FAUdes | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 |
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Smoliło, M.; Samson, K.; Zhou, T.; Duraczyńska, D.; Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk, M.; Drzewiecka-Matuszek, A.; Rutkowska-Zbik, D. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Vanadium-Containing Faujasite Zeolite. Molecules 2020, 25, 1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081961
Smoliło M, Samson K, Zhou T, Duraczyńska D, Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk M, Drzewiecka-Matuszek A, Rutkowska-Zbik D. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Vanadium-Containing Faujasite Zeolite. Molecules. 2020; 25(8):1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081961
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmoliło, Małgorzata, Katarzyna Samson, Ting Zhou, Dorota Duraczyńska, Małgorzata Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk, Agnieszka Drzewiecka-Matuszek, and Dorota Rutkowska-Zbik. 2020. "Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Vanadium-Containing Faujasite Zeolite" Molecules 25, no. 8: 1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081961