Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity of Phenolic Preparations of Diverse Composition, Obtained from Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson Leaf and Twig Extracts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Characterization of the Tested Preparations
2.2. Cytotoxicity of the Preparations from Sea Buckthorn Twigs and Leaves
2.3. Effects of Phenolic Preparations on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Plasma In Vitro
2.4. Antimicrobial Activity of Phenolic Preparations from Sea Buckthorn Twigs and Leaves
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Plant Material
4.3. Preparation of Phenolic Preparations from Sea Buckthorn Leaves and Twigs
4.4. LC-MS Analysis
4.5. Stock Solutions
4.6. Bacterial Strains and Culture
4.7. Cytotoxicity of Sea Buckthorn Preparations
4.8. Human Plasma Isolation
4.9. Markers of Oxidative Stress
4.9.1. Plasma Lipid Peroxidation
4.9.2. Carbonyl Group Measurement
4.10. Antimicrobial Activity
4.11. Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Oxidative Stress | Preparation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | F | |
Lipid peroxidation | No effect | inhibition | inhibition | inhibition | inhibition | inhibition |
Protein carbonylation | No effect | No effect | inhibition | inhibition | inhibition | inhibition |
Microorganism | MIC [µg/mL] MBC/MFC [µg/mL] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | F | |
Bacteria | ||||||
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 | 1000 | 1000 | >1000 | 250 | 500 | >1000 |
1000 | >1000 | >1000 | 250 | 500 | >1000 | |
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 | 125 | 1000 | >1000 | 500 | 250 | >1000 |
250 | 1000 | >1000 | 1000 | 1000 | >1000 | |
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 | 62 | 500 | >1000 | 125 | 125 | 1000 |
1000 | >1000 | >1000 | 1000 | 1000 | >1000 | |
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 | 1000 | >1000 | >1000 | 1000 | 1000 | >1000 |
>1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | |
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | 1000 | >1000 | >1000 |
>1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6749 | 500 | >1000 | >1000 | 500 | >1000 | >1000 |
500 | >1000 | >1000 | 500 | >1000 | >1000 | |
Fungi | ||||||
Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | >1000 | >1000 | 1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 |
>1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | |
Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 |
>1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 |
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Stochmal, A.; Skalski, B.; Pietukhov, R.; Sadowska, B.; Rywaniak, J.; Wójcik-Bojek, U.; Grabarczyk, Ł.; Żuchowski, J.; Olas, B. Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity of Phenolic Preparations of Diverse Composition, Obtained from Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson Leaf and Twig Extracts. Molecules 2021, 26, 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102835
Stochmal A, Skalski B, Pietukhov R, Sadowska B, Rywaniak J, Wójcik-Bojek U, Grabarczyk Ł, Żuchowski J, Olas B. Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity of Phenolic Preparations of Diverse Composition, Obtained from Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson Leaf and Twig Extracts. Molecules. 2021; 26(10):2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102835
Chicago/Turabian StyleStochmal, Anna, Bartosz Skalski, Rostyslav Pietukhov, Beata Sadowska, Joanna Rywaniak, Urszula Wójcik-Bojek, Łukasz Grabarczyk, Jerzy Żuchowski, and Beata Olas. 2021. "Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity of Phenolic Preparations of Diverse Composition, Obtained from Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson Leaf and Twig Extracts" Molecules 26, no. 10: 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102835