The Effect of the Molecular Weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone and the Model Drug on Laser-Induced In Situ Amorphization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. The Effect of the Molecular Weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on In Situ Amorphization
2.1.1. The Determination of the Temperature Thresholds, TOnset and TMin
2.1.2. The Rate of Amorphization upon Exposure to Laser Radiation
2.2. The Influence of the Model Drug on In Situ Amorphization
2.2.1. Solubility of Celecoxib, Indomethacin and Naproxen in Polyvinylpyrrolidone
2.2.2. The Determination of the Temperature Thresholds, TOnset and TMin
2.2.3. The Rate of Amorphization upon Exposure to Laser Radiation
2.3. Chemical Stability upon In Situ Amorphization
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Plasmonic Nanoaggregate Synthesis
3.3. Compact Preparation
3.4. In Situ Amorphization
3.5. Qualitative Analysis of Crystallinity by Solid-State Analysis
3.6. Thermal Analysis and Quantification of Crystallinity
3.6.1. Quantification of the Residual Drug Crystallinity
3.6.2. Determination of the (Predicted) Solubility of Naproxen in Polyvinylpyrrolidone
3.6.3. Glass Transition Temperatures of the Polymers
3.6.4. Determination of the Temperature Thresholds, TOnset and TMin
3.7. Determination of the Water Content
3.8. Determination of the Drug Molecule Size
3.9. Drug Degradation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Compact Composition | TOnset [°C] | TMin [°C] | Polymer | Tg1 (Bulk) [°C] | Tg2 (Water-Free) [°C] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 wt% CCX PVP12 | 103.6 | 132.2 | PVP12 | 39.7 ± 0.2 | 105.3 ± 0.5 |
30 wt% CCX PVP17 | 119.0 | 136.2 | PVP17 | 54.5 ± 2.9 | 120.6 ± 0.1 |
30 wt% CCX PVP25 | 127.8 | 145.4 | PVP25 | 56.1 ± 0.6 | 134.5 ± 1.5 |
30 wt% IND PVP12 | 88.0 | 125.6 | PVP12 | 39.7 ± 0.2 | 105.3 ± 0.5 |
30 wt% NAP PVP12 | 74.5 | 100.5 | PVP12 | 39.7 ± 0.2 | 105.3 ± 0.5 |
Compact Composition | 60 s | 90 s | 120 s | 150 s | 180 s | 210 s | 240 s | 300 s | 360 s | 480 s | 600 s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CCX PVP12 | c | c | c | c | a | ||||||
CCX PVP17 | c | c | c | c | c | a | |||||
CCX PVP25 | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | |||
CCX PVP12 | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | a | ||
IND PVP12 | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | a | |||
NAP PVP12 | c | c | c | a |
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Hempel, N.-J.; Merkl, P.; Knopp, M.M.; Berthelsen, R.; Teleki, A.; Hansen, A.K.; Sotiriou, G.A.; Löbmann, K. The Effect of the Molecular Weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone and the Model Drug on Laser-Induced In Situ Amorphization. Molecules 2021, 26, 4035. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134035
Hempel N-J, Merkl P, Knopp MM, Berthelsen R, Teleki A, Hansen AK, Sotiriou GA, Löbmann K. The Effect of the Molecular Weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone and the Model Drug on Laser-Induced In Situ Amorphization. Molecules. 2021; 26(13):4035. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134035
Chicago/Turabian StyleHempel, Nele-Johanna, Padryk Merkl, Matthias Manne Knopp, Ragna Berthelsen, Alexandra Teleki, Anders Kragh Hansen, Georgios A. Sotiriou, and Korbinian Löbmann. 2021. "The Effect of the Molecular Weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone and the Model Drug on Laser-Induced In Situ Amorphization" Molecules 26, no. 13: 4035. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134035