Seasonal Evaluation of Phlorotannin-Enriched Extracts from Brown Macroalgae Fucus spiralis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Extraction and Characterization
2.1.1. Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
2.1.2. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) Spectroscopy Analysis
2.1.3. Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) Analysis
2.2. Antioxidant Capacity of Extracts
2.2.1. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)
2.2.2. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) Free Radical Assay
2.3. Relation between Phenolic Compounds Content and Antioxidant Capacity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. F. spiralis Collection and Preparation
3.2. Chemicals
3.3. Extraction Procedure
3.3.1. Crude Ethanolic Extracts
3.3.2. Liquid–Liquid Semi-Purification of the Crude Ethanolic Extracts
3.4. Characterization of the Extracts
3.4.1. Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
3.4.2. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) Spectroscopy
3.4.3. Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC)
3.5. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity of the Extracts
3.5.1. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)
3.5.2. DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) Radical Scavenging Activity
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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IC50 (µg/mL) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Extract | Summer | Autumn | Winter | Spring |
AA | 5.999 (5.195–6.928) | 3.881 (3.373–4.465) | 3.881 (3.373–4.465) | 3.881 (3.373–4.465) |
Et80 | 56.19 (51.11–61.78) | 35.24 (31.62–39.28) | 61.73 (54.39–70.07) | 61.40 (54.69–68.93) |
EA | 8.414 (7.964–8.890) | 4.486 (3.993–5.040) | 7.872 (7.215–8.588) | 4.450 (4.075–4.860) |
AQ3 | 14.86 (12.93–17.08) | 27.92 (25.14–31.01) | 12.45 (11.40–13.59) | 59.87 (51.94–69.01) |
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Almeida, B.; Barroso, S.; Ferreira, A.S.D.; Adão, P.; Mendes, S.; Gil, M.M. Seasonal Evaluation of Phlorotannin-Enriched Extracts from Brown Macroalgae Fucus spiralis. Molecules 2021, 26, 4287. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144287
Almeida B, Barroso S, Ferreira ASD, Adão P, Mendes S, Gil MM. Seasonal Evaluation of Phlorotannin-Enriched Extracts from Brown Macroalgae Fucus spiralis. Molecules. 2021; 26(14):4287. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144287
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmeida, Belén, Sónia Barroso, Ana S. D. Ferreira, Pedro Adão, Susana Mendes, and Maria M. Gil. 2021. "Seasonal Evaluation of Phlorotannin-Enriched Extracts from Brown Macroalgae Fucus spiralis" Molecules 26, no. 14: 4287. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144287