Parasitological and Biochemical Efficacy of the Active Ingredients of Allium sativum and Curcuma longa in Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Experimental Animals and Design
4.3. Collection of Blood and Organs
4.4. Worm Recovery
4.5. Ova Count
4.6. Oogram
4.7. Biochemical Serum Parameters
4.8. Determination of Oxidative Stress/Antioxidant Parameters in Liver Tissue
4.9. Detection of DNA Fragmentation by Agarose Gel Analysis
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical Standards
Sample Availability
References
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Groups | Worm Burden | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | % Reduction | Female | % Reduction | Couples | % Reduction | Total | % Reduction | |
VI | 16.8 ± 2.93 | - | 19.8 ± 1.84 | - | 10.40 ± 2.05 | - | 47 ± 5.15 | - |
VII | 2.57 ± 0.8 c | 84.7 | 3.43 ± 0.48 c | 82.68 | 0.57 ± 0.30 c | 94.52 | 6.57 ± 1.07 c | 86.02 |
VIII | 3.13 ± 1.2 c | 81.37 | 3.13 ± 0.44 c | 84.19 | 6.25 ± 1.26 | 39.90 | 12.51 ± 2.11 c | 73.38 |
IX | 2.29 ± 0.6 c | 86.37 | 2.29 ± 0.42 c | 88.43 | 2 ± 0.72 c | 80.77 | 6.58 ± 1.36 c | 86 |
Groups | Mean Egg Load/Gram of Liver | Mean Egg Load/Gram of Intestine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | % Reduction | Mean | % Reduction | |
VI | 6513.4 ± 1127.59 | 0 | 18906.6 ± 1362.64 | 0 |
VII | 3319 ± 320.38 c | 49.04 | 1523.86 ± 120.97 c | 91.94 |
VIII | 3813.25 ± 494.39 c | 41.46 | 4189.25 ± 117.12 | 77.84 |
IX | 1937.57 ± 543.37 c | 70.25 | 2992.86 ± 681.98 c | 84.17 |
Groups | % Egg Developmental Stages of Liver | % Egg Developmental Stages of Intestine | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early Immature | Late Immature | Total Immature | Mature | Dead | Early Immature | Late Immature | Total Immature | Mature | Dead | |
VI | 17.00 | 22.40 | 39.40 | 59.00 | 1.60 | 14.60 | 32.40 | 47.00 | 52.20 | 0.80 |
VII | 8.50 | 6.67 c | 15.17 c | 42.50 | 42.33 c | 4.17 c | 7.50 c | 11.67 c | 46.66 | 41.67 c |
VIII | 4.63 c | 13.25 c | 17.88 c | 44 | 38.12 c | 8.50 c | 31.88 | 40.38 | 22.12 c | 37.50 c |
IX | 4.71 c | 6.58 c | 11.29 c | 45.71 | 43 c | 2.29 c | 11.14 c | 13.43 c | 47.43 | 39.14 c |
Group | RBC (×106 µL) | HGB (g/dl) | HCT (%) | MCV (Fl) | MCH (pg) | MCHC (g/Dl) | RDW-SD (fL) | RDW-CV (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 6.49 ± 0.25 | 12.50 ± 0.17 | 34.35 ± 0.66 | 53.10 ± 0.77 | 19.32 ± 0.84 | 36.40 ± 0.20 | 29.83 ± 0.07 | 14.70 ± 0.06 |
II | 5.70 ± 0.05 | 10.40 ± 0.40 | 28.25 ± 0.38 | 49.59 ± 0.64 | 18.25 ± 0.55 | 36.82 ± 1.45 | 33.10 ± 0.64 | 15.80 ± 0.06 |
III | 5.72 ± 0.13 | 10.75 ± 0.10 a | 28.40 ± 0.12 a | 49.67 ± 0.97 | 18.79 ± 0.31 | 37.84 ± 0.35 a | 27.77 ± 0.03 a | 13.65 ± 0.03 a |
IV | 6.65 ± 0.27 | 11.23 ± 0.32 a | 30.60 ± 0.91 a | 46.18 ± 2.20 a | 16.96 ± 0.85 | 36.71 ± 0.13 | 27.77 ± 0.03 a | 13.70 ± 0.12 a |
V | 6.39 ± 0.25 | 10.60 ± 0.35 | 29.45 ± 0.20 b | 46.20 ± 1.90 | 16.64 ± 0.88 | 35.98 ± 0.93 | 27.77 ± 0.03 b | 13.65 ± 0.03 b |
VI | 4.35 ± 0.18 a | 8.17 ± 0.38 a | 21.2 ± 0.95 a | 48.58 ± 1.43 a | 18.76 ± 0.40 | 38.70 ± 0.42 a | 32.26 ± 0.16 a | 15.95 ± 0.26 a |
VII | 5.27 ± 0.20 c | 10 ± 0.17 c | 26.22 ± 0.65 c | 53.28 ± 5.14 | 20.31 ± 1.89 | 38.17 ± 1.09 | 29.38 ± 0.07 c | 14.30 ± 0.12 c |
VIII | 5.70 ± 0.16 c | 9.63 ± 0.20 c | 26.60 ± 0.60 c | 46.63 ± 0.90 | 16.90 ± 0.15 c | 36.26 ± 0.14 c | 31.67 ± 0.33 | 14.83 ± 0.09 c |
IX | 5.56 ± 0.14 c | 9.87 ± 0.38 c | 25.27 ± 0.18 c | 45.54 ± 1.35 | 17.75 ± 1.07 | 39.05 ± 1.52 | 29.20 ± 1.40 | 14.53 ± 0.43 c |
Group | WBC (103 µL) | LYM (103 µL) | MID (103 µL) | GRAN (103 µL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
I | 4.30 ± 0.12 | 3.90 ± 0.29 | 0.30 ± 0.06 | 0.10 |
II | 5.40 ± 0.70 | 3.25 ± 0.25 | 1.35 ± 0.29 | 0.80 ± 0.10 |
III | 3.40 ± 0.23 a | 2.50 ± 0.17 a | 0.65 ± 0.09 a | 0.25 ± 0.02 a |
IV | 5.67 ± 0.15 a | 4.67 ± 0.19 | 0.83 ± 0.02 a | 0.23 ± 0.02 a |
V | 6.15 ± 0.66 | 4.70 ± 0.29 b | 0.85 ± 0.14 | 0.60 ± 0.23 |
VI | 24.75 ± 2.69 a | 19.02 ± 0.66 a | 3.88 ± 0.04 a | 1.86 ± 0.32 a |
VII | 16.63 ± 0.90 c | 11.43 ± 0.07 c | 3.35 ± 0.07 c | 1.85 ± 0.03 |
VIII | 10.33 ± 0.75 c | 8.28 ± 0.52 c | 1.22 ± 0.13 c | 0.83 ± 0.06 |
IX | 11.57 ± 1.29 c | 9.55 ± 0.31 c | 1.42 ± 0.18 c | 0.60 ± 0.06 c |
Group | PLT (×103 µL) | MPV (fL) | PDW (%) | PCT (%) | P-LCR (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 409.50 ± 17.03 | 6.77 ± 0.20 | 7.87 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.01 | 0 |
II | 461.50 ± 2.60 | 7.10 ± 0.12 | 8.15 ± 0.14 | 0.31 | 0 |
III | 376.17 ± 14.01 | 6.45 ± 0.9 | 7.87 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0 |
IV | 394.67 ± 18.75 | 6.63 ± 0.13 | 7.87 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0 |
V | 480.28 ± 15.16 | 7.10 ± 0.46 | 8.35 ± 0.26 | 0.30 ± 0.08 | 3 ± 0.29 b |
VI | 375.83 ± 12.52 | 6.11 ± 0.10 a | 8.15 ± 0.14 | 0.21 ± 0.02 a | 0 |
VII | 388.50 ± 10.10 | 6.95 ± 0.14 c | 8.82 ± 0.16 c | 0.27 ± 0.01 c | 0 |
VIII | 387.33 ± 14.43 | 7.03 ± 0.18 c | 8.70 ± 0.68 | 0.27 ± 0.01 c | 2.76 ± 0.33 c |
IX | 395.67 ± 82.49 | 6.39. ± 0.03 c | 8.67 ± 0.44 | 0.28 ± 0.01 c | 1.13 ± 0.13 c |
Groups | Drug Regimens of Groups | Dose |
---|---|---|
Noninfected control | Group I: saline Group II: PB Group III: PZQ Group IV: AL Group V: CU | 0.1 mL of 0.9% NaCl 0.1 mL of 1 M PB buffer pH 7.2 0.1 mL of PZQ (300 mg/kg body weight of mice) 0.1 mL of AL (40 mL/kg body weight of mice) 0.1 mL of CU (40 mg/kg body weight of mice) |
Infected | Group VI: untreated Group VII: PZQ Group VIII: AL Group IX: CU | 0.1 mL of 0.9% NaCl 0.1 mL of PZQ (300 mg/kg body weight of mice) 0.1 mL of AL (40 mL/kg body weight of mice) 0.1 mL of CU (40 mg/kg body weight of mice) |
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Abu Almaaty, A.H.; Rashed, H.A.E.-h.; Soliman, M.F.M.; Fayad, E.; Althobaiti, F.; El-Shenawy, N.S. Parasitological and Biochemical Efficacy of the Active Ingredients of Allium sativum and Curcuma longa in Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice. Molecules 2021, 26, 4542. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154542
Abu Almaaty AH, Rashed HAE-h, Soliman MFM, Fayad E, Althobaiti F, El-Shenawy NS. Parasitological and Biochemical Efficacy of the Active Ingredients of Allium sativum and Curcuma longa in Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice. Molecules. 2021; 26(15):4542. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154542
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbu Almaaty, Ali Hussein, Hadeer Abd El-hak Rashed, Maha Farid Mohamed Soliman, Eman Fayad, Fayez Althobaiti, and Nahla Soliman El-Shenawy. 2021. "Parasitological and Biochemical Efficacy of the Active Ingredients of Allium sativum and Curcuma longa in Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice" Molecules 26, no. 15: 4542. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154542