Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Samples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Objectives
2.2. Sample Collection and Preparation
2.3. IC-PAD Parameters
3. Result and Discussion
Correlations between the Levels of Cyanide in Parents’ and Newborn’s Biological Samples
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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n = 22 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mothers | Fathers | ||
Age | 21–30 | 50% | 18% |
31–40 | 45% | 68% | |
41< | 5% | 14% | |
Education | secondary education | 9% | 32% |
higher education | 91% | 68% | |
Smoking status before pregnancy | active | 23% | 27% |
non-smoking | 77% | 73% | |
Smoking status during pregnancy | active | 5% | 5% (in the presence of pregnant women) |
passive (at home) | 14% | 5% | |
non-smoking | 95% | 95% | |
Diet rich in almonds | yes | 68% | 36% |
n = 18 | Newborn babies | ||
Gender | Male | 8 | |
Female | 10 | ||
Mass [cm]/Weight [g] | Min | 49 | 2550 |
Max | 67 | 3910 | |
Average | 54.4 | 3333.89 | |
Method of delivery | C-section | 50% | |
Normal birth | 50% | ||
Method of feeding | Breast milk | 39% | |
Mixed | 61% | ||
Breast milk volume | Large | 28% | |
Sufficient | 61% | ||
Small | 11% |
Sample | Linear Range [µg L−1] | Curve Equation | R | SD | CV [%] | Recovery [%] | LOD [µg L−1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urine | 1–100 | y = 0.169 x − 0.304 | 0.992 | 0.003 | 1.63 | 80 | 1.8 |
Meconium | 1–50 | y = 0.200 x − 0.165 | 0.986 | 0.033 | 0.37 | 79–83 | 0.58 |
Type of Sample | Mean conc. [µg L−1] | SD [µg L−1] | Min conc. [µg L−1] | Max conc. [µg L−1] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother’s urine (n = 11) | Active smoker (n = 4) | 14.3 | 9.19 | 8.42 | 25.2 |
Passive smoker (n = 3) | 6.57 | 2.82 | 1.99 | 8.69 | |
Control group (n = 4) | 3.12 | 1.37 | <LOD | 4.85 | |
Father’s urine (n = 13) | Active smoker (n = 5) | 20.0 | 1.37 | 18.7 | 21.9 |
Passive smoker (n = 3) | 5.71 | 1.66 | 4.11 | 8.00 | |
Control group (n = 5) | 1.71 | 0.571 | <LOD | 2.61 | |
Meconium (n = 11) | Smoking or passive smoking parents (n = 4) | 12.6 | 6.41 | 6.78 | 24.6 |
Control group (n = 7) | 2.74 | 0.985 | <LOD | 4.09 |
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Jaszczak-Wilke, E.; Kozioł, K.; Kiełbratowska, B.; Polkowska, Ż. Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Samples. Molecules 2021, 26, 4672. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154672
Jaszczak-Wilke E, Kozioł K, Kiełbratowska B, Polkowska Ż. Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Samples. Molecules. 2021; 26(15):4672. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154672
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaszczak-Wilke, Ewa, Krystyna Kozioł, Bogumiła Kiełbratowska, and Żaneta Polkowska. 2021. "Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Samples" Molecules 26, no. 15: 4672. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154672