The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Discussion and Results
2.1. Synthesis of Salograviolide Derivatives
2.2. Anti-Growth Effects of Sal-A, Sal-B, and Derivatives against Colorectal Cancer In Vitro Model and Structure-Activity Analysis
2.3. The Potency of Sal-A, Sal-B, and Their Derivatives on Colorectal Cancer Cells Is Not Due to Cell Toxicity
2.4. Comparing Potencies between Sal-A and Sal-B: Effect of Hydroxy (OH)-Group at the C-8 Position on Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth
2.5. Neighboring O-Acyl Group Affects Cysteine Addition Rate
2.6. Steric Hindrance Effects: Lipophilicity and Tertiary Alpha Carbon
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. General Experimental Procedures
4.2. Plant Material
4.3. Extraction and Isolation
4.4. Derivatization
4.5. Cell Culture and Treatment
4.6. Cytotoxicity and Growth Assays
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Compounds | IC50 Values ± SEM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HCT116 | HCT116 p53−/− | NCM460 | ||||
µg/mL | µM | µg/mL | µM | µg/mL | µM | |
A | 31.9 * | 99.6 * | 69.5 * | 217.1 * | ND | ND |
1 | 2.9 ± 0.44 | 6.8 ± 1.03 | 2.8 ± 0.68 | 6.6 ± 1.59 | ND | ND |
2 | 2.3 ± 0.13 | 4.8 ± 0.27 | 1.8 ± 0.09 | 3.7 ± 0.19 | 6.9 ± 1.52 | 14.3 ± 3.15 |
3 | 6.9 ± 1.90 | 13.5 ± 3.72 | 7.2 ± 1.05 | 14.1 ± 2.05 | ND | ND |
4 | 1.7 ± 0.34 | 3.3 ± 0.67 | 2.2 ± 0.18 | 4.3 ± 0.35 | 10.2 ± 0.54 | 19.9 ± 1.06 |
B | 4.4 ± 0.89 | 14.4 ± 2.92 | 5.1 ± 2.29 | 16.7 ± 7.51 | 21.8 ± 4.09 | 71.5 ± 13.40 |
5 | 2.3 ± 0.52 | 6.2 ± 1.41 | 2.1 ± 0.23 | 5.7 ± 0.62 | ND | ND |
6 | 1.5 ± 0.18 | 3.8 ± 0.45 | 2.1 ± 0.16 | 5.3 ± 0.40 | 5.2 ± 0.55 | 13.1 ± 1.38 |
7 | 3.8 ± 0.27 | 9.3 ± 0.66 | 3.8 ± 0.78 | 9.3 ± 1.90 | ND | ND |
8 | 2.5 ± 0.45 | 6.1 ± 1.09 | 1.9 ± 0.50 | 4.6 ± 1.22 | 7.1 ± 0.66 | 17.3 ± 1.61 |
5-FU | 2.5 * | 19.2 * | 2.5 * | 19.2 * | ND | ND |
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Al Aaraj, L.; Hayar, B.; Jaber, Z.; Saad, W.; Saliba, N.A.; Darwiche, N.; Ghaddar, T. The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth. Molecules 2021, 26, 5481. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185481
Al Aaraj L, Hayar B, Jaber Z, Saad W, Saliba NA, Darwiche N, Ghaddar T. The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth. Molecules. 2021; 26(18):5481. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185481
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl Aaraj, Lamis, Berthe Hayar, Zaynab Jaber, Walid Saad, Najat A. Saliba, Nadine Darwiche, and Tarek Ghaddar. 2021. "The Effect of Different Ester Chain Modifications of Two Guaianolides for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth" Molecules 26, no. 18: 5481. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185481