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Volume 26
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10.3390/molecules26040920
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Article

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruits on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

by
Jae Sik Yu
1,†,
Sung Ho Lim
2,†,
Seoung Rak Lee
1,
Chang-Ik Choi
3,* and
Ki Hyun Kim
1,*
1
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
2
BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
3
Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2021, 26(4), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040920
Submission received: 12 January 2021 / Revised: 2 February 2021 / Accepted: 6 February 2021 / Published: 9 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Roots, Stems, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds)
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Abstract

In this study, the protective effects of white mulberry (Morus alba) fruits on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were investigated. The ethanol (EtOH) extract of white mulberry fruits and its derived fractions contained adequate total phenolic and flavonoid contents, with good in vitro antioxidant radical scavenging activity. The extract and fractions also markedly inhibited ROS generation and antioxidant activity. After treatment with the EtOH extract and its fractions, LPS stimulation-induced elevated nitric oxide (NO) production was restored, which was primarily mediated by downregulation of inducible NO synthase expression. A total of 20 chemical constituents including flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics were identified in the fractions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). These findings provide experimental evidence of the protective effects of white mulberry fruit extract against oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential as natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
Keywords: Morus alba L.; white mulberry fruits; antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity; RAW 264.7 macrophages; UHPLC-QTOF-HRMS Morus alba L.; white mulberry fruits; antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity; RAW 264.7 macrophages; UHPLC-QTOF-HRMS
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MDPI and ACS Style

Yu, J.S.; Lim, S.H.; Lee, S.R.; Choi, C.-I.; Kim, K.H. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruits on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2021, 26, 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040920

AMA Style

Yu JS, Lim SH, Lee SR, Choi C-I, Kim KH. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruits on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules. 2021; 26(4):920. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040920

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu, Jae Sik, Sung Ho Lim, Seoung Rak Lee, Chang-Ik Choi, and Ki Hyun Kim. 2021. "Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruits on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages" Molecules 26, no. 4: 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040920

APA Style

Yu, J. S., Lim, S. H., Lee, S. R., Choi, C.-I., & Kim, K. H. (2021). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruits on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules, 26(4), 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040920

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