Correlations of Fat Content in Human Milk with Fat Droplet Size and Phospholipid Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Fat Droplet Size Distribution and Diameter (d32, and d43)
2.2. Phospholipid Contents in Human Milk Samples
2.3. Correlations between Phospholipid Species
2.4. Feasibility Study of 31P NMR for Phospholipids Quantification in Human Milk
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Human Milk and Infant Formula Samples
4.3. Particle Size Analysis in Human Milk
4.4. Fat Extraction
4.5. Phospholipids Analysis
4.6. Phospholipids Analysis by 31P NMR
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Total Mature Milk 1 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PL species 2 | mg/100 g HM | Range | mg/g fat | Range | % of total PLs 3 | Range |
PE | 2.00 ± 0.84 | 0.68–4.21 | 0.52 ± 0.21 | 0.24–1.16 | 18.89 ± 3.93 | 9.21–24.42 |
PC | 2.26 ± 0.55 | 1.13–3.14 | 0.64 ± 0.30 | 0.30–1.46 | 22.41 ± 3.83 | 17.38–32.04 |
SM | 5.11 ± 1.42 | 2.35–8.32 | 1.35 ± 0.49 | 0.71–2.59 | 49.64 ± 3.90 | 40.64–56.15 |
PS + LPC | 1.01 ± 0.62 | 0.20–2.19 | 0.24 ± 0.09 | 0.07–0.47 | 9.06 ± 3.75 | 3.34–17.78 |
Total PLs | 10.39 ± 3.11 | 4.89–17.85 | 2.74 ± 0.94 | 1.39–5.45 | - | - |
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Duan, B.; Hong, E.-S.; Shin, J.-A.; Qin, Y.; Lee, J.-H.; Lee, C.-W.; Lee, K.-T. Correlations of Fat Content in Human Milk with Fat Droplet Size and Phospholipid Species. Molecules 2021, 26, 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061596
Duan B, Hong E-S, Shin J-A, Qin Y, Lee J-H, Lee C-W, Lee K-T. Correlations of Fat Content in Human Milk with Fat Droplet Size and Phospholipid Species. Molecules. 2021; 26(6):1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061596
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuan, Beibei, Eun-Sik Hong, Jung-Ah Shin, Yan Qin, Jeung-Hee Lee, Chi-Woo Lee, and Ki-Teak Lee. 2021. "Correlations of Fat Content in Human Milk with Fat Droplet Size and Phospholipid Species" Molecules 26, no. 6: 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061596