Isomaltulose Exhibits Prebiotic Activity, and Modulates Gut Microbiota, the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Secondary Bile Acids in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isomaltulose Affects Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Rats
2.2. Isomaltulose Regulates the Diversity of Gut Microbiota
2.3. Significantly Altered Gut Microbiota at Each Taxonomic Levels by Isomaltulose
2.4. Predicted Functional Composition of Gut Microbiota Related to Dietary Isomaltulose
2.5. Isomaltulose Affects the Fecal Levels of Secondary Bile Acids
2.6. Isomaltulose Affects the Fecal Levels of Short Chain Fatty Acids
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials and Regents
4.2. Animal Experiments
4.3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
4.4. Sample Collection
4.5. Histological Analysis
4.6. Biochemical Assays
4.7. Fecal DNA Extraction
4.8. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Analysis
4.9. Quantitative Metabolomics Profiling of Fecal SCFAs
4.10. Quantitative Metabolomics Profiling of Fecal SBAs
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Yang, Z.-D.; Guo, Y.-S.; Huang, J.-S.; Gao, Y.-F.; Peng, F.; Xu, R.-Y.; Su, H.-H.; Zhang, P.-J. Isomaltulose Exhibits Prebiotic Activity, and Modulates Gut Microbiota, the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Secondary Bile Acids in Rats. Molecules 2021, 26, 2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092464
Yang Z-D, Guo Y-S, Huang J-S, Gao Y-F, Peng F, Xu R-Y, Su H-H, Zhang P-J. Isomaltulose Exhibits Prebiotic Activity, and Modulates Gut Microbiota, the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Secondary Bile Acids in Rats. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092464
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Zhan-Dong, Yi-Shan Guo, Jun-Sheng Huang, Ya-Fei Gao, Fei Peng, Ri-Yi Xu, Hui-Hui Su, and Ping-Jun Zhang. 2021. "Isomaltulose Exhibits Prebiotic Activity, and Modulates Gut Microbiota, the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Secondary Bile Acids in Rats" Molecules 26, no. 9: 2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092464