Effect of Process Conditions and Colloidal Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Suspensions on the Production of Hydrogel Beads
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Physical–Chemical Peroperties of CNC Solutions
2.2. Production of Hydrogel Beads by Pump-Driven External Gelation
2.3. Determination of the Ohnesorge Number
2.4. Production of Beads by a Centrifugal-Force-Driven Micronozzle System External Gelation
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Measurement of the Density of CNC Solutions
3.3. Extrusion Dripping Experiments
3.4. Centrifugally Driven Pulse-Free Flow Experiments
3.5. Bead Analysis
3.6. Shrinkage Factor (SF) Determination
3.7. Lost Factor Determination
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Collecting Distance (cm) | dmax (µm) | dmin (µm) | SF | AR |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3000 ± 100 | 2600 ± 100 | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 1.15 ± 0.08 |
2 | 3100 ± 200 | 2600 ± 100 | 0.09 ± 0.06 | 1.2 ± 0.1 |
3 | 3200 ± 200 | 2600 ± 200 | 0.10 ± 0.06 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
5 | 3600 ± 100 | 2300 ± 200 | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
20 | 3200 ± 200 | 2600 ± 200 | 0.10 ± 0.08 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
30 | 3800 ± 200 | 2600 ± 200 | 0.20 ± 0.08 | 1.5 ± 0.3 |
Collecting Distance (mm) | dmax (µm) | dmin (µm) | SF | AR |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 1270 ± 60 | 1180 ± 70 | 0.037 | 1.08 |
5 | 1710 ± 70 | 1520 ± 80 | 0.059 | 1.125 |
10 | 1930 ± 90 | 1570 ± 60 | 0.103 | 1.23 |
15 | 2000 ± 100 | 1710 ± 50 | 0.078 | 1.17 |
RCF xg | dmax (µm) | dmin (µm) | SF | AR |
---|---|---|---|---|
9.3 ± 0.1 | 1270 ± 60 | 1180 ± 70 | 0.037 | 1.08 |
26.0 ± 0.1 | 1149 ± 40 | 1050 ± 20 | 0.045 | 1.09 |
50.9 ± 0.1 | 850 ± 30 | 760 ± 50 | 0.056 | 1.12 |
84.0 ± 0.2 | 830 ± 70 | 700 ± 70 | 0.085 | 1.19 |
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Ferrari, N.; Maestri, C.A.; Bettotti, P.; Grassi, M.; Abrami, M.; Scarpa, M. Effect of Process Conditions and Colloidal Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Suspensions on the Production of Hydrogel Beads. Molecules 2021, 26, 2552. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092552
Ferrari N, Maestri CA, Bettotti P, Grassi M, Abrami M, Scarpa M. Effect of Process Conditions and Colloidal Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Suspensions on the Production of Hydrogel Beads. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2552. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092552
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerrari, Nicola, Cecilia Ada Maestri, Paolo Bettotti, Mario Grassi, Michela Abrami, and Marina Scarpa. 2021. "Effect of Process Conditions and Colloidal Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Suspensions on the Production of Hydrogel Beads" Molecules 26, no. 9: 2552. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092552