The Modulation of Melanogenesis in B16 Cells Upon Treatment with Plant Extracts and Isolated Plant Compounds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Design
3. Melanocyte Biology
4. Natural Skin Agents against Hyper and Hypo-Pigmentation Disease
5. Mechanisms of Melanogenesis-Related Signaling Pathway Modulation by Plant Extracts and Isolated Compounds in B16 Cells
5.1. cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway
5.2. MAPKs Signaling Pathway
5.3. PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
5.4. In Vivo Studies
6. Mechanisms of Melanogenesis-Related Signaling Pathway Modulation by Plant Extracts and Single-Derived Compounds in B16 Cells Stimulated by UV Radiation
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Name of Species/Family | Part of Plant | Type of Solvent | Concentration | Methods | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Artemisia asiatica Nakai ex Pamp./Asteraceae | whole plant | ethanol | 25–50 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [25] |
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze/Theaceae | flower | ethanol | 20–40 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR | [26] |
Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc./Fagaceae | inner skin | ethyl acetate | 10–100 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR | [27] |
Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh./Lauraceae | leaves | ethanol | 21.25 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR | [28] |
Coix lacryma-jobi L./Poaceae | seeds | ethanol | 20–40 mg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [29] |
Croton roxburghii N.P.Balakr. and Croton sublyratus Kurz/Euphorbiaceae | leaves | ethanol | 25–100 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [30] |
Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw./Orchidaceae | leaves | ethanol | 12.5–50 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [31] |
Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév./Araliaceae | leaves | ethanol | 12.5–50 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-2 | [32] |
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf./Equisetaceae | whole plant | ethyl acetate, dichloromethane | 10–100 µg/mL | Western blotting Western blotting | ethyl acetate: Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2; dichloromethane: Increased expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [33] |
Euryale ferox Salisb./Nymphaeaceae | seeds | ethyl acetate | 30 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [34] |
Gaillardia aristata Pursh/Asteraceae | flowers | ethanol | 10–20 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [35] |
Garcinia mangostana L./Clusiaceae | leaves | water | 4–32 µg/mL | Western blotting | Increased expression: TYR | [36] |
Gastrodia elata Blume/Orchidaceae | whole plant | water | 0.5–5 mg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [37] |
Glechoma hederacea L./Lamiaceae | whole plant | water | 0.1–1 mg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR | [38] |
Glycine max (L.) Merr./Fabaceae | seeds cell culture | ethanol | 0.5–1 mg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [39] |
Haloxylon scoparium Pomel/Amaranthaceae | stems | ethanol | 0.017%(w/v) | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MC1R, TYR, TYRP-1 | [40] |
Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl./Fabaceae | aerial parts | ethanol | 100–400 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [41] |
Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl./Fabaceae | aerial parts | ethanol | 100–400 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [42] |
Melia azedarach L./Meliaceae | whole plant | ethanol | 20 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Increased expression: TYRP-1 | [43] |
Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad/Lamiaceae | aerial parts | methanol | 50 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR | [44] |
Nepeta sintenisii Bornm./Lamiaceae | aerial parts | n-hexane, methanol, water | 50 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF | [45] |
Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P.Beauv./Poaceae | whole plant | ethanol | 5–15 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [46] |
Oreocnide fruticosa (Gaudich.) Hand. Mazz./Urticaceae | branches | ethyl acetate | 25–100 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [47] |
Phyllanthus emblica L./Phyllanthaceae | fruits | water | 0.05–1 mg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [48] |
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc./Pinaceae | pine cone | ethyl acetate | 12.5–50 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [49] |
Psoralea corylifolia (Babchi)/Fabaceae and Zingiber officinale Roscoe/Zingiberaceae; Psoralea corylifolia (Babchi)/Fabaceae and Eclipta prostrata (L.) L./Asteraceae | whole plants | methanol | 10–100 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Increased expression: MITF | [50] |
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels/Myrtaceae | leaves and branch | ethanol | 25–100 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [51] |
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq./Rubiaceae | stems and hooks | ethanol | 0.1–1 mg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR | [52] |
Vitis vinifera L./Vitaceae | pericarp, seed, flesh, and grape stem | ethanol | 100 µg/mL | Western blotting | Increased expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [53] |
Name of Species/Family | Part of Plant | Type of Solvent | Identified Compounds | Concentration | Methods | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acer rubrum L./Sapindaceae | leaves | ethanol | phenolic compounds | 10 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [54] |
Angelica polymorpha Maxim./Apiaceae | flowers | hexane | aromadendrene, methoxsalen, bergapten, isopimpinellin, nonadencane | 0.1–100 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR | [55] |
Argania spinosa L.) Skeels/Sapotaceae | leaves | ethanol | 14 compounds | 30 µg/mL | Western blotting | Increased expression: TYR, TYRP-1, | [56] |
Artemisia capillaris Thunb./Asteraceae | whole plant | ethanol | leukodin | 12.5–50 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [57] |
Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham./Moraceae and Glycyrrhiza glabra L./Fabaceae | heartwood and root | ethanol | gallic acid, oxyresveratrol, resveratrol and glabridin | 0.1 mg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYRP-2 | [58] |
Callicarpa longissima (Hemsl.) Merr./Lamiaceae | whole plant | ethanol | carnosol and carnosic acid | 0.1–10 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: MITF | [59] |
Ceratonia siliqua L./Fabaceae | leaves, bark and fruits | ethanol | epicatechin-3-O-gallate, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose and gallocatechin-3-O-gallate | 100 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR | [60] |
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC./Fabaceae | whole plant/heat treated | ethanol | isoliquiritigenin | 100 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [61] |
Hordeum vulgare L./Poaceae | barely sprout | water | p-coumaric, ferulic, and vanillic acids | 50–250 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR | [62] |
Juniperus communis L./Cupressaceae | fruits | ethanol | hypolaetin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside and isoscutellarein-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside | 50 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR | [63] |
Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L.P.Queiroz/Fabaceae | bark and pods | ethanol | 18 compounds | 25 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR | [64] |
Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) Bullock/Plumbaginaceae | whole plant | water, methanol, buthanol | myricetin 3-galactoside and quercetin 3-O- -galactopyronaside | 5–20 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [65] |
Myrica rubra (Lour.) Siebold & Zucc./Myricaceae | fruits | water | myricetin-O-deoxyhexoside, quercetin-O-deoxyhexoside, and aempferol-O-hexoside | 0.5–2 mg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYRP-1, | [66] |
Nigella sativa L./Ranunculaceae | seed | Thymocid® | thymoquinone | 20 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [67] |
Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim./Asteraceae | leaves, stems, and roots | water | leaf extract-isorhamnetin (main) root extract-p-coumaric acid (main) | 50–200 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR | [68] |
Phyllanthus emblica L./Phyllanthaceae | branch | ethanol | gallic acid and vanillic acid | 6.25–25 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [69] |
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr./Fabaceae | aerial parts | ethanol | daidzein, daidzin, glycitein, glycitin, genistein, genistin | 10–100 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR | [70] |
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr./Fabaceae | stems | n-hexane | 12 compounds | 50 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR | [71] |
Rhododendron weyrichii Maxim./Ericaceae Durande | flowers | ethanol | p-coumaric acid | 25–200 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [72] |
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench/Poaceae | whole plant | ethanol | 1-O-ca eoylglycerol, dica eoylglycerides, 1,3-O-dica eoylglycerol, p-coumaroyl-ca eoylglycerol, feruloyl-ca eoylglycerol, Tricin, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid | 2–10 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYRP-1, | [73] |
Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd./Asteraceae | whole plant | ethanol | 15 compounds (mainly flavonoids) | 20 µg/mL | Western blotting | Increased expression: TYR | [74] |
Name of Species/Family | Part of Plant | Compounds | Concentration | Methods | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai/Araliaceae | roots | acanthoic acid | 25–100 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [75] |
Artemisia capillaris Thunb./Asteraceae | whole plant | leukodin | 37.5–150 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [57] |
Artemisia capillaris Thunb./Asteraceae | whole plant | isofraxidin 7-O-(6′-O-p-coumaroyl)-𝛽-glucopyranoside | 25 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Increased expression: MITF, TYR | [76] |
Artemisia capillaris Thunb./Asteraceae | leaves and stems | 4,5-𝑂-dicaffeoylquinic acid | 25 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYRP-1 | [77] |
Caesalpinia sappan L./Fabaceae | heartwood | sappanone A | 4.4 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR | [78] |
Crocus sativus L./Iridaceae | stigmas | crocetin | 0.5–32 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF | [79] |
Cuscuta chinensis Lam./Convolvulaceae | whole plant | polysaccharide | 40–160 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1 | [80] |
Ephedra sinica Stapf/Ephedraceae | roots | ephedrannins A and B | A: 18–72 µg/mL; B: 1.85–7.4 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR | [81] |
Fragaria × ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier/Rosaceae | calyx | oleanolic acid | 12.5 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [82] |
Isodon trichocarpus (Maxim.) Kudô./Lamiaceae | aerial parts | enmein, isodocarpin, nodosin, oridonin | 1–3 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [83] |
Jatropha multifida L./Euphorbiaceae | stems | Secoisolariciresinol | 6.25–200 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR | [84] |
Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker/Zingiberaceae | rhizomes | 5-hydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxyflavone, 5,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5,3′- dihydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxy-3,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone | 3–30 µg/mL | RT-PCR | Reduced expression: TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [85] |
Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) Bullock/Plumbaginaceae | whole plant | myricetin 3-galactoside and quercetin 3-O-galactopyronaside | 10 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [65] |
Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre/Polygonaceae | whole plant | epicatechin-3-O-gallate | 25–200 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [86] |
Pteris dispar Kunze/Pteridaceae | leaves | ent -11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid | 10 µg/mL | RT-PCR, Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYR | [87] |
Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) C.K.Schneid./Rosaceae | leaves, twigs, and fruits | β-D-glucosylester and cimidahurinine | 10–100 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [88] |
Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. | twigs | stewartianol and stewartianol- 3-O-glucoside | 20–80 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF | [89] |
Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze/Aizoaceae | whole plant | ferulic acid | 5–20 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR | [90] |
Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn./Sapotaceae | fruit | glucosylcucurbic acid and cucurbic acid | 30–100 µg/mL | Western blotting | Reduced expression: MITF, TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2 | [91] |
Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey/Caprifoliaceae | aerial parts | loniceroside A, loniceroside L | 1–20 µg/mL | Western blotting | Increased expression: MITF, TYR | [92] |
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Merecz-Sadowska, A.; Sitarek, P.; Kowalczyk, T.; Zajdel, K.; Kucharska, E.; Zajdel, R. The Modulation of Melanogenesis in B16 Cells Upon Treatment with Plant Extracts and Isolated Plant Compounds. Molecules 2022, 27, 4360. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144360
Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Kucharska E, Zajdel R. The Modulation of Melanogenesis in B16 Cells Upon Treatment with Plant Extracts and Isolated Plant Compounds. Molecules. 2022; 27(14):4360. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144360
Chicago/Turabian StyleMerecz-Sadowska, Anna, Przemysław Sitarek, Tomasz Kowalczyk, Karolina Zajdel, Ewa Kucharska, and Radosław Zajdel. 2022. "The Modulation of Melanogenesis in B16 Cells Upon Treatment with Plant Extracts and Isolated Plant Compounds" Molecules 27, no. 14: 4360. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144360