A Supramolecular Approach to Antimicrobial Surfaces
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Studies in Solution
2.2. Bringing the Complex to Glass Surfaces
2.3. Study of Antimicrobial Action
2.4. Cytotoxicity Test
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials and General Procedures
3.2. Potentiometric Titrations
3.3. Glassware, Glass Slides and Quartz Slides Cleaning
3.4. Preparation of Glass-ImH and Quartz-ImH Samples
3.5. Preparation of Glass-Im-[Cu2(BPXD)] and Quartz-Im-[Cu2(BPXD)] Samples
3.6. Determination of Total Cu2+ by ICP
3.7. UV-VIS-NIR Absorption Spectra
3.8. Antibacterial/Antifungal Activity Tests
3.9. Cytotoxicity Test
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
Abbreviations
BPXD | 3,6,9,16,19,22-hexaazatricyclo [22.2.2.2(11.14)]triaconta-1(26),11(12),13,24,27, 29-hexaene |
CM | Culture Media |
glass-ImH | Glass slides functionalized with grafted imidazole moieties |
glass-Im-[Cu2(BPXD)] | Glass slides functionalized with imidazolate moieties and copper complexes |
ICP | Inductively coupled plasma |
ImH | Imidazole |
Im− | Imidazolate |
LMCT | Ligand to Metal Charge Transfer |
MBC | Minimum Bactericidal Concentration |
ME | Microbicidal Effect |
Meff | Maximum Effective Concentration |
MFC | Minimum Fungicidal Concentration |
MIC | Minimum Inhibitory Concentration |
quartz-ImH | Quartz slides functionalized with imidazole moieties |
quartz-Im-[Cu2(BPXD)] | Quartz slides functionalized with imidazolate moieties and copper complexes |
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Equilibrium | logβ |
---|---|
L + H+ ↔ LH+ | 9.64 (3) |
L + 2H+ ↔ LH22+ | 18.22 (4) |
L + 3H+ ↔ LH33+ | 26.30 (4) |
L + 4H+ ↔ LH44+ | 33.23 (5) |
L + 5H+ ↔ LH55+ | 36.15 (5) |
L + 6H+ ↔ LH66+ | 38.0 (1) |
L + 2Cu2+ ↔ [Cu2L]4+ | 26.17 (7) |
L + Cu2+ + 2H+ ↔ [CuLH2]4+ | 30.87 (4) |
L + 2Cu2+ + OH− ↔ [Cu2L(OH)]3+ | 18.8 (1) |
L + 2Cu2+ + 2OH− ↔ [Cu2L(OH)2]2+ | 10.6 (1) |
Im− + H+ ↔ ImH | 14.50 (1) |
Im− + 2H+ ↔ ImH2+ | 21.2 (1) |
L + 2Cu2+ + Im− ↔ [Cu2L(Im)]3+ | 40.7 (1) |
E. coli | S. aureus | C. albicans | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cu(CF3SO3)2 | MIC (mol/L) | 0.010 | 5.0 × 10−3 | >0.010 |
MBC/MFC (mol/L) | 0.010 | 0.010 | >0.010 | |
[Cu2(BPXD)](CF3SO3)4 | MIC (mol/L) | 4.0 × 10−4 | 3.0 × 10−4 | 7.0 × 10−4 |
MBC/MFC (mol/L) | 0.010 | 1.25 × 10−3 | 2.5 × 10−3 |
Microbicidal Effect (ME) | |||
---|---|---|---|
E. coli | S. aureus | C. albicans | |
Contact time | |||
5 h | 3.8 (±0.8) | 2.9 (±0.8) | 1.2 (±0.7) |
24 h | >5 | 5 (±1) | >5 |
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Gazzola, V.; Grisoli, P.; Amendola, V.; Dacarro, G.; Mangano, C.; Pallavicini, P.; Poggi, A.; Rossi, S.; Vigani, B.; Taglietti, A. A Supramolecular Approach to Antimicrobial Surfaces. Molecules 2022, 27, 5731. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175731
Gazzola V, Grisoli P, Amendola V, Dacarro G, Mangano C, Pallavicini P, Poggi A, Rossi S, Vigani B, Taglietti A. A Supramolecular Approach to Antimicrobial Surfaces. Molecules. 2022; 27(17):5731. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175731
Chicago/Turabian StyleGazzola, Valentina, Pietro Grisoli, Valeria Amendola, Giacomo Dacarro, Carlo Mangano, Piersandro Pallavicini, Antonio Poggi, Silvia Rossi, Barbara Vigani, and Angelo Taglietti. 2022. "A Supramolecular Approach to Antimicrobial Surfaces" Molecules 27, no. 17: 5731. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175731